鼠

Pinyin: shǔ | Core Meaning: rat, mouse; small rodent animal

基本信息 (Basic Information)

含义与用法 (Meanings & Usage)

中文核心释义 (Core Chinese Meaning): 老鼠，鼠类，指小型啮齿类动物。

英文核心释义 (Core English Meaning): rat, mouse; small rodent animal

“鼠”在现代汉语中主要指老鼠，是鼠科动物的统称。也用于十二生肖中的“鼠”，可引申为机灵、敏捷等含义。常作为词语的一部分出现，如“田鼠”、“电脑鼠标”。 '鼠' mainly refers to rats or mice in modern Chinese, serving as a general term for rodent animals. It also represents the Rat in the Chinese Zodiac, carrying extended meanings such as cleverness or agility. Most often appears in compound words, e.g., 'field mouse' (田鼠), 'computer mouse' (鼠标).

象形意义 / 为何这么写 (Pictographic Meaning / Writing Rationale)

“鼠”是象形字，早期字形模拟了老鼠的外形，特别是突出头部、弯曲的尾巴和胡须。简化后逐渐演变为结构复杂的象形与会意结合体。'鼠' is a pictographic character. Early forms imitated the appearance of a mouse, especially emphasizing the head, curved tail, and whiskers. Over time, it evolved into a complex structure combining pictographic and ideographic elements.

文言文释义 (Classical Chinese Meaning)

与现代意义相近，主要指老鼠。有时在文言文中‘鼠’也可以泛指狡猾小偷或贬义指人。Similar to modern meaning, mainly referring to a mouse or rat. In Classical Chinese, it could also figuratively refer to a cunning thief or be derogatorily used for people.

深入学习 (In-depth Study)

字源故事 (Origin Story)

“鼠”最早见于甲骨文，其字形像一只老鼠，突出头部、身体和尾巴的特征。最初用来表示小型动物，后来专指老鼠。The character '鼠' first appeared in oracle bone script, with its shape resembling a mouse, highlighting features such as its head, body, and tail. Initially, it referred to small animals in general, but later became specific to rats or mice.

字形演变 (Character Evolution)

甲骨文 (Oracle Bone Script):
甲骨文中的“鼠”字描绘了老鼠的形状，头部突出，有须，身体后面连着一条弯曲的尾巴，整体象形明显。 In oracle bone script, '鼠' depicts a mouse's shape, with a prominent head, whiskers, and a curved tail extending from the body, showing clear pictographic features.
金文 (Bronze Inscription):
金文中的“鼠”结构变得更为规范，身体和尾巴的形态更加简化，但依然保留鼠类的特征。 In bronze inscriptions, the structure of '鼠' became more regulated, with the form of the body and tail further simplified while retaining the characteristics of a mouse.
小篆 (Small Seal Script):
小篆中“鼠”的笔画更加流畅，头部、身体和尾巴由曲线表现，抽象化更强。 In small seal script, the strokes of '鼠' are smoother, with the head, body, and tail represented by curves, further abstracted.
隶书 (Clerical Script):
隶书时期“鼠”字结构趋于方正，笔画横平竖直，象形特征减弱，逐渐接近现代写法。 In clerical script, the structure of '鼠' became more rectangular and the strokes more straight, with pictographic features weakened, nearing the modern form.
楷书 (现代) (Regular Script (Modern)):
现代楷书中的“鼠”字笔画分明，结构稳定，已经完全成为表意兼表音的汉字。 In modern regular script, '鼠' has clear strokes and a stable structure, fully developed into a logographic and, to a degree, phonetic character.

常用词语和例句 (Common Words & Examples)

老鼠 (rat, mouse)

lǎoshǔ

厨房里发现了一只老鼠。

Pinyin: Chúfáng lǐ fāxiàn le yì zhī lǎoshǔ.

Eng: A mouse was found in the kitchen.

鼠标 (computer mouse)

shǔbiāo

请用鼠标点击这个按钮。

Pinyin: Qǐng yòng shǔbiāo diǎnjī zhège ànniǔ.

Eng: Please use the mouse to click this button.

田鼠 (field mouse, vole)

tiánshǔ

田野里有许多田鼠在活动。

Pinyin: Tiányě lǐ yǒu xǔduō tiánshǔ zài huódòng.

Eng: There are many field mice active in the fields.

相关成语 (Related Idioms)

胆小如鼠 dǎn xiǎo rú shǔ

Meaning: as timid as a mouse

“胆小如鼠”形容人非常胆小，就像老鼠一样容易受到惊吓。这个成语常用来形容缺乏勇气的人。 The idiom 'as timid as a mouse' describes someone who is very cowardly, easily frightened like a mouse. It's commonly used for people who lack courage.

多语言翻译 (核心释义) (Translations (Core Meaning))

  • French: souris / rat
  • German: Maus / Ratte
  • Spanish: ratón / rata
  • Italian: topo / ratto
  • Portuguese: rato
  • Russian: мышь / крыса
  • Arabic: فأر
  • Persian: موش
  • Dutch: muis / rat
  • Polish: mysz / szczur
  • Vietnamese: chuột
  • Ukrainian: миша / щур

视频学习资源 (Video Learning Resources)

通过以下链接在热门视频网站搜索 "鼠" 的更多讲解：

Search for more explanations of "鼠" on popular video sites:

网络参考 (Web References for "鼠") ()

网络内容摘要 (Web Content Summary):

```html

“鼠” 是一个象形字，本义是指老鼠。其最早的字形来自战国时期的甲骨文和篆书，描绘了老鼠正面张口、露齿、毛茸茸的身体以及尾巴的特征，非常形象。经过隶书和楷书的演变，虽然外形有些简化，但仍保留了部分象形特点。 "鼠" is a pictographic character meaning "mouse" or "rat". Its earliest forms from the Warring States period depicted a mouse with an open mouth, visible teeth, furry body, and tail. Through clerical and regular script evolution, the shape was simplified but retained some original features.

  • 象形起源：汉字“鼠”属于象形字，早期字形格外注重表现老鼠的外貌特点。 Pictographic origin: "鼠" is a pictograph, visually representing a mouse in its ancient forms.
  • 常见用法： “鼠”常指小型啮齿动物，如老鼠。它也是十二生肖之一，象征机智、灵巧。 Common usage: "鼠" refers to rodents like mice and rats. It is also one of the Chinese zodiac animals, symbolizing cleverness and agility.
  • 常用词/成语： 相关词语有“老鼠（mouse/rat）”、“鼠标（computer mouse）”、“鼠年（Year of the Rat）”；成语如“胆小如鼠（timid as a mouse）”。 Words & idioms: Related words include "老鼠" (mouse/rat), "鼠标" (computer mouse), "鼠年" (Year of the Rat); idioms like "胆小如鼠" (timid as a mouse).
  • 特别提醒： “鼠”有时容易与“属”等字形近字混淆，书写时需注意区别。 Note: "鼠" is sometimes confused with similar-looking characters like "属", so care is needed in writing.
```

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