吏 🔊

网络内容摘要 (Web Content Summary):

• 核心含义：“吏”本义为“治理百姓的人”，即官员、管理者。 Core meaning: “吏” originally means “a person who governs people,” i.e., an official or administrator.

• 字形起源与文化背景：“吏”是会意字，最早源于甲骨文，为一人持器（如猎叉）狩猎之形。古代治理或管理事务与狩猎同被视为“大事”，因此“吏”也有“做事”、“管理”之意。 Character origin & cultural background: “吏” is an ideogram. In oracle bone script, it shows a person holding a tool for hunting. In ancient times, both hunting and governance were seen as important duties, so the character extends to mean “to handle affairs” or “to manage.”

• 结构：“吏”由“一”和“史”组成，“史”在这里兼作声旁和意旁，与“事”、“史”字同源。 Structure: “吏” is composed of “一” and “史”; “史” functions as both a phonetic and semantic element and shares origins with the characters “事”（affair, matter）and “史”（history, historian）.

• 常见用法及易混淆点：

  • 古代“吏”指一般官员，与“官”有区别：
    “官”多指较高级别或正式任命的职位，“吏”更偏向执行具体事务的下级官吏。
  • 常见词语：“官吏”（government official）、“小吏”（minor clerk）、“吏治”（administration of officials）。
  • 易与“史”（historian, history）和“事”（affair, matter）混淆，但意义不同。
  Common usages & easily confused points:
  • In ancient China, “吏” referred to clerks or officials (often junior), distinct from “官” which referred to higher-ranked or more formally appointed officials.
  • Common words: “官吏” (government official), “小吏” (minor clerk), “吏治” (administration of officials).
  • Can be confused with “史” (historian, history) and “事” (affair, matter) in shape or sound, but meanings are different.

• 成语或文化提及：与“官吏”有关的成语如“清正廉明”（upright and honest officials）。另外，《汉书》中有“夫吏者，理也”——即吏的根本在于治理。 Idioms or cultural references: Idioms related to officials include “清正廉明” (upright and honest officials). Also, from the Book of Han: “夫吏者，理也”—the essence of an official lies in governance.

结论：“吏”为官员、管理者的古字，是理解中国古代官僚体系的重要基础字。 Conclusion: “吏” is an ancient character for official/administrator and is essential for understanding China’s ancient bureaucratic system.