弹

Pinyin: dàn / tán | Core Meaning: dàn: bullet, projectile; tán: to pluck, to play (a string instrument), to flick.

基本信息 (Basic Information)

含义与用法 (Meanings & Usage)

中文核心释义 (Core Chinese Meaning): 弹（dàn）：子弹、炮弹等发射物；弹（tán）：用手指或器械拨动使振动发声，如弹琴。

英文核心释义 (Core English Meaning): dàn: bullet, projectile; tán: to pluck, to play (a string instrument), to flick.

“弹”有两个主要读音。dàn 主要指武器发射的弹丸，如子弹、炮弹；tán 指用手指拨动，如弹钢琴、弹吉他。在不同语境中需区分读音和用法。 "弹" has two main pronunciations. "dàn" mainly refers to projectiles such as bullets and shells; "tán" means to pluck or play (string instruments), e.g., playing the piano (弹钢琴), or flicking something. Pay attention to pronunciation and usage in different contexts.

象形意义 / 为何这么写 (Pictographic Meaning / Writing Rationale)

“弹”字左边是表示动作的“弓”，右边“单”是声旁，表音。整体暗示用弓弹射或用手弹拨的含义，体现运动和振动的特点。The left side '弓' (bow) represents the action, and '单' on the right is the phonetic component. Together, these suggest the meanings of shooting with a bow or flicking/plucking, emphasizing motion or vibration.

文言文释义 (Classical Chinese Meaning)

文言文中“弹”既用于指发射的器物（如“弹丸”），也用于指控告、弹劾（如“弹劾大臣”）。此外，也有弹拨之意。In Classical Chinese, '弹' referred to projectiles (as in '弹丸'), could also mean to impeach or denounce (as in '弹劾'), as well as to pluck or flick (musical sense).

深入学习 (In-depth Study)

字源故事 (Origin Story)

“弹”最早的字形与“弹射”有关，表示用力发射物体的动作。后来演化出“用手拨动”“乐器发声”等含义。构字由“弓”和“單/单”组成，表示拉弦发射或弹拨之意。The earliest forms of '弹' were related to shooting or launching objects with force, such as shooting an arrow with a bow. Over time, the meaning extended to 'plucking with fingers' and 'making sound with instruments.' The character combines '弓' (bow) and '單/单' (a phonetic component), indicating the action of stretching and releasing or plucking.

字形演变 (Character Evolution)

甲骨文 (Oracle Bone Script):
在甲骨文中“弹”字未有明确记载，但与“射”“发”相关动作的字以弓形为主，形象地表现发射动作。 In Oracle Bone Script, '弹' is not clearly recorded, but characters related to 'shooting' or 'launching' used the bow graphic, vividly depicting the action.
金文 (Bronze Inscription):
金文中“弹”由“弓”和声旁“單”组成，更加强调与武器射击有关的意义。 In Bronze Script, '弹' is composed of '弓' (bow) and the phonetic element '單', further emphasizing its connection to shooting or weapons.
小篆 (Small Seal Script):
小篆中的“弹”字形结构更加规范，左右结构明显，上部为“弓”，右部为“單”的早写法。 In Small Seal Script, the structure of '弹' became more regular, with a clear left-right structure: '弓' on the left and early form of '單' on the right.
隶书 (Clerical Script):
隶书中“弹”由“弓”和已简化的“單”组成，线条变直，结构更为扁平。 '弹' in Clerical Script has a simplified '弓' and '單', with squarer and more flattened strokes.
楷书 (现代) (Regular Script (Modern)):
现代楷书中“弹”字为左右结构，左为“弓”，右为“单”，结构严谨、书写规范。 In modern Regular Script, '弹' is written with a left-right structure: '弓' on the left, '单' on the right, in a precise and regular form.

常用词语和例句 (Common Words & Examples)

弹琴 (to play a musical instrument (especially stringed instruments like piano or guqin))

tán qín

她每天都练习弹琴。

Pinyin: Tā měitiān dōu liànxí tán qín.

Eng: She practices playing the instrument every day.

子弹 (bullet)

zǐ dàn

警察在现场发现了子弹。

Pinyin: Jǐngchá zài xiànchǎng fāxiàn le zǐdàn.

Eng: The police found bullets at the scene.

弹劾 (to impeach; impeachment)

tán hé

他因被弹劾而辞职。

Pinyin: Tā yīn bèi tánhé ér cízhí.

Eng: He resigned due to being impeached.

相关成语 (Related Idioms)

弹冠相庆 tán guān xiāng qìng

Meaning: to congratulate each other on coming promotions (implies people are preparing to take each other’s place after someone is removed, often used derogatorily)

汉代时，弹劾官员被免职后，其他人便会互相庆贺，准备戴官帽（弹冠），意指彼此期待升官。 In the Han dynasty, after an official was impeached and dismissed, others would celebrate in anticipation of gaining the position themselves. The phrase implies preparing one’s hat for office and mutual congratulations, often with a negative connotation of opportunism.

多语言翻译 (核心释义) (Translations (Core Meaning))

  • French: balle (d'arme à feu), jouer (d'un instrument à cordes), projeter
  • German: Patrone, Projektil, zupfen (ein Instrument spielen)
  • Spanish: bala, proyectil, tocar (un instrumento de cuerda), disparar
  • Italian: proiettile; suonare (uno strumento a corde); lanciare
  • Portuguese: bala, projétil, tocar (instrumento de cordas), lançar
  • Russian: пуля, снаряд, играть (на струнном инструменте), стрелять
  • Arabic: رصاصة، مقذوف، عزف (على آلة وترية)، إطلاق
  • Persian: گلوله، پرتابه، نواختن (ساز زهی)، شلیک کردن
  • Dutch: kogel, projectiel, bespelen (van een snaarinstrument), afvuren
  • Polish: pocisk, kula, grać (na instrumencie strunowym), wystrzelić
  • Vietnamese: viên đạn, đạn, bắn, chơi (nhạc cụ dây)
  • Ukrainian: куля, снаряд, грати (на струнному інструменті), стріляти

视频学习资源 (Video Learning Resources)

通过以下链接在热门视频网站搜索 "弹" 的更多讲解：

Search for more explanations of "弹" on popular video sites:

网络参考 (Web References for "弹") ()

网络内容摘要 (Web Content Summary):

```html

核心含义与字源：“弹”（拼音：dàn, tán）最早见于商代甲骨文。其古字形象一颗弹丸已经放在弓弦上，准备发射，具有象形特点。本义指弹丸、弹弓，后引申为现代的枪弹、炮弹、炸弹、导弹等武器相关含义。 Core meaning & origin: "弹" (pinyin: dàn, tán) first appeared in Oracle Bone Script from the Shang dynasty. Its ancient form resembles a pellet placed on a bowstring, ready to be shot—an iconic pictograph. The original meaning refers to a pellet or slingshot, later extended to modern ammunition such as bullets, shells, bombs, and missiles.

特别用法与易混点：“弹”有两个常用读音。dàn用作名词，指子弹、弹药等；tán作动词时，多指用手指等拨动、弹奏（如“弹钢琴”）。学习时应注意根据语境区分。常见成语有“百发百中”（形容射击或做事非常准确）。 Special usage & confusions: "弹" has two pronunciations. dàn is used as a noun for ammunition; tán is mainly a verb meaning to pluck or play (as in "play the piano" - 弹钢琴). Learners should distinguish pronunciations based on context. A related idiom is "百发百中" ("every shot hits the target", meaning to be very accurate or effective).

  • 常用词汇：子弹（bullet）、弹钢琴（play the piano）、弹弓（slingshot）、导弹（missile）。 Common words: 子弹 (bullet), 弹钢琴 (play the piano), 弹弓 (slingshot), 导弹 (missile).
```

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弹（拼音：dàn，tán）为汉语一级通用规范汉字（常用字）。此字一说始见于商代甲骨文，其古字形像一颗弹丸已上弓弦、准备发射的样子。"弹"的本义指弹丸，又指弹弓，引申指现代的枪弹、炮弹、炸弹、导弹等。"弹"也读作tán，用作动词，意思是借一物的弹力将另一物发射出去，又引申为 ...

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弹 - 更多图片 (More Images) (modelslab_artistic_v2)