乃

Pinyin: nǎi | Core Meaning: to be; only then; thus; even; often marks transition, causation, or emphasis.

基本信息 (Basic Information)

含义与用法 (Meanings & Usage)

中文核心释义 (Core Chinese Meaning): 是；才；于是；竟然。用于表示判断、顺承、出乎意料等语气。

英文核心释义 (Core English Meaning): to be; only then; thus; even; often marks transition, causation, or emphasis.

“乃”在现代汉语中多为书面语或文言文成分，常用作连词，表示转折、因果或强调。如“乃至”（甚至）、“乃是”（就是）。日常口语中较少单独使用。 In modern Chinese, '乃' is mostly seen in written language or classical styles. It is used as a conjunction indicating transition, causation, or emphasis (such as in '乃至': even, and even; '乃是': just is). Rarely used alone in everyday spoken Chinese.

象形意义 / 为何这么写 (Pictographic Meaning / Writing Rationale)

“乃”本义为弯曲的手，字形表现出一个屈曲动作，表示完成、实现，引申为转折、承接之意。'乃' originally depicts a bent hand, symbolizing the motion of achieving or accomplishing. This evolved into the meanings of transition and result.

文言文释义 (Classical Chinese Meaning)

文言文中“乃”主要做连词，有‘才、于是、竟然’等意，与现代意义相近，但在文言中应用更广泛。In Classical Chinese, '乃' mainly functions as a conjunction meaning 'only then', 'thus', or 'even', similar to modern meaning but used more widely in ancient texts.

深入学习 (In-depth Study)

字源故事 (Origin Story)

“乃”最早见于甲骨文，其字形像弯曲的手或工具，表示完成某事，引申为‘是’、‘才’之意。其后用作连词，贯穿于古代文献。'乃' first appeared in oracle bone inscriptions, where its form resembles a bent hand or an implement, indicating the act of accomplishing something. It was thus extended to mean 'to be' or 'only then', and later used as a conjunction throughout ancient texts.

字形演变 (Character Evolution)

甲骨文 (Oracle Bone Script):
甲骨文中的“乃”字形像一只弯曲的手，动作明显，象征完成或者达到。 In Oracle Bone Script, '乃' resembles a bent hand, with a clear motion, symbolizing accomplishment or achievement.
金文 (Bronze Inscription):
金文中的“乃”形体更圆润，保留了手的样子，线条更加流畅。 In Bronze Inscriptions, '乃' takes on a rounder form, still retaining the hand-like shape with smoother lines.
小篆 (Small Seal Script):
小篆中“乃”变得更加规范和对称，形状简化并程式化。 In Small Seal Script, '乃' becomes more regularized and symmetrical, with a simplified and stylized appearance.
隶书 (Clerical Script):
隶书中的“乃”收拢了结构，横画和竖弯变化，便于书写。 In Clerical Script, the structure is tightened, with changes in horizontal and curved strokes for easier writing.
楷书 (现代) (Regular Script (Modern)):
现代楷书中“乃”的写法为上宽下窄，曲线分明，字体简明清晰。 In modern Regular Script, '乃' is written with a wide top and narrow base, distinct curves, and a clear, simple style.

常用词语和例句 (Common Words & Examples)

乃至 (even; and even; up to)

nǎi zhì

从老师到学生，乃至家长都参加了这次会议。

Pinyin: Cóng lǎoshī dào xuéshēng, nǎi zhì jiāzhǎng dōu cānjiāle zhè cì huìyì.

Eng: From teachers to students, even the parents attended this meeting.

乃是 (is; exactly)

nǎi shì

这乃是我们最重要的目标。

Pinyin: Zhè nǎi shì wǒmen zuì zhòngyào de mùbiāo.

Eng: This is exactly our most important goal.

相关成语 (Related Idioms)

相关成语信息待补充。Related idiom information pending.

多语言翻译 (核心释义) (Translations (Core Meaning))

  • French: alors; seulement; c'est; ainsi
  • German: also; dann; somit; nur; sogar
  • Spanish: así; entonces; sólo; incluso
  • Italian: allora; soltanto; ecco; così
  • Portuguese: então; somente; assim; até
  • Russian: тогда; только; именно; даже
  • Arabic: إذًا؛ فقط؛ حتى، بالفعل
  • Persian: آنگاه؛ فقط؛ در واقع؛ حتی
  • Dutch: dus; alleen; zelfs; precies
  • Polish: zatem; tylko; nawet; właśnie
  • Vietnamese: thì; chỉ; thậm chí; đúng là
  • Ukrainian: отже; тільки; навіть; саме

视频学习资源 (Video Learning Resources)

通过以下链接在热门视频网站搜索 "乃" 的更多讲解：

Search for more explanations of "乃" on popular video sites:

网络参考 (Web References for "乃") ()

网络内容摘要 (Web Content Summary):

  • 核心含义及象形起源：“乃”的本义与古文字形状有关，甲骨文和金文中，像气流不直、曲折流动的样子，表示“不直而多拐之气”。 Core meaning & pictographic origin: The original meaning of "乃" relates to its early forms in oracle bone and bronze inscriptions, picturing a winding, non-straight flow of air.

  • 古代用法：在上古汉语中，“乃”主要作为第二人称代词“你”的意思出现，有时也作为副词，表示“于是、就”。如西周金文《克罍》中的“乃”表示第二人称代词，“我乃至于淮”中的“乃”作副词。 Classical usage: In ancient Chinese, "乃" often served as the pronoun "you" (second person) and sometimes as an adverb meaning "thus" or "then" (indicating sequence or result in a sentence).

  • 常见成语及现代用法：现代汉语中，“乃”常用于书面语或成语中，如“乃至”（even, or even to the extent of），有时强调转折或结果。例如：“他非常努力，乃成功。”（他很努力，于是成功了。） Idioms & modern usage: Today, "乃" often appears in written or formal Chinese (especially idioms), such as "乃至" (even; to the extent of), or to highlight a result or transition. E.g., "He worked hard and thus succeeded."

  • 易混淆点：初学者可能会把“乃”与“乃至”的意思混淆，或与现代口语中的“你”混用。实际上，“乃”在现代很少单独作“你”解。 Common confusion: Beginners may confuse "乃" with "乃至" (which is a fixed phrase meaning "even") or use "乃" as "you" in modern language, though this usage is now rare.

如果需要更多成语或词汇用法信息，建议查阅详细汉语词典。 For more examples or idioms, consult a comprehensive Chinese dictionary.

汉字"乃"的起源、演变过程-汉字字源辞典

汉字字源辞典收录7747条汉字词条，基本涵盖了常见汉字的字源解析，是汉字研究的必备工具。 ... 乃，细观甲骨文、金文和古文字，像气出不直而多拐之形，本义：不直而多拐之气；确定了乃字，其它字就清晰了。

乃_百度百科

"乃"字在上古主要写第二人称代词或副词。 西周克罍 ："隹（唯）乃明乃心。"（你要让你的心地光明）句中两个"乃"都是人称代词，前者作主语，后者作定语。西周驹父𪾔："我乃至于淮。"（我就到达淮水）句中"乃"是副词。

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