徒

Pinyin: tú | Core Meaning: to walk (on foot), apprentice, disciple, vain/fruitless effort, follower.

基本信息 (Basic Information)

含义与用法 (Meanings & Usage)

中文核心释义 (Core Chinese Meaning): 徒步、徒劳、门徒，泛指行走、跟随、白白地、学徒、弟子等意思。

英文核心释义 (Core English Meaning): to walk (on foot), apprentice, disciple, vain/fruitless effort, follower.

“徒”在现代汉语中可作为名词，指弟子、门徒、学徒，如“师徒”、“门徒”；也可作副词，表示“白白地”、“无用的”，如“徒劳无功”；还可作动词，如“徒步”表示步行。此外，也用于一些固定搭配中。 '徒' can be a noun meaning 'apprentice', 'disciple' or 'follower', as in '师徒' (master and apprentice). As an adverb, it means 'in vain' or 'fruitlessly', e.g., '徒劳无功' (to work without result). As a verb, it appears in phrases like '徒步' (to walk on foot). It is often used in fixed expressions.

象形意义 / 为何这么写 (Pictographic Meaning / Writing Rationale)

“徒”字左边的“彳”表示行走，右边的“走”本身就是走路的象形。两部分组合，共同表达徒步行走，引申为跟随他人、学徒等含义。The left component '彳' means walking, and the right part '走' is itself a pictograph for walking. Together, they form the idea of walking or following, which later extended to mean follower, apprentice, and disciple.

文言文释义 (Classical Chinese Meaning)

在文言文中，“徒”常指步行、随从、门徒等，含义与现代意义相近。In Classical Chinese, '徒' often meant to walk, a follower, disciple, etc.; its meaning is similar to modern usage.

深入学习 (In-depth Study)

字源故事 (Origin Story)

“徒”最早见于甲骨文和金文，本意与“走”有关。它的结构左边是“彳”表示行走，右边的“走”初意也是步行，后来代表从事某种职业或追随者。由步行引申为追随、学徒、门徒意。'徒' first appeared in Oracle Bone and Bronze inscriptions, originally related to walking. The left side '彳' means to walk, and the right side '走' also signified stepping/walking, later extending to represent pursuing a career or being a follower. Thus, the meaning shifted from walking to follower, apprentice, or disciple.

字形演变 (Character Evolution)

甲骨文 (Oracle Bone Script):
甲骨文中的“徒”字形尚不完全成熟，多以“彳”和象征行走的形状出现，结构简单，表达“步行”之意。 In Oracle Bone Script, '徒' appeared in a less developed form, showing '彳' and some symbols of walking, with a simple structure to represent 'walking'.
金文 (Bronze Inscription):
金文中的“徒”字形比甲骨文更清晰，左边为“彳”，右边有更具体的“走”的象形部分，轮廓协调，进一步表达步行或随从之意。 In Bronze inscriptions, '徒' became clearer, with '彳' on the left and a more pictorial '走' on the right, better balanced and expressing walking or following.
小篆 (Small Seal Script):
小篆中的“徒”字结构拉长变窄，线条圆润统一，容易辨认，左侧“彳”与右侧“走”结合更加规范。 In Small Seal Script, the structure of '徒' became elongated and narrow, the lines are smooth and unified, with '彳' on the left and '走' on the right in a more regular combination.
隶书 (Clerical Script):
隶书中的“徒”字笔画变得平展，横平竖直，便于书写，结构与现代较为接近，主要以“彳”与“走”组成。 In Clerical Script, the strokes of '徒' became flatter and more horizontal, making writing easier. Its structure is close to the modern form, mainly formed by '彳' and '走'.
楷书 (现代) (Regular Script (Modern)):
现代楷书“徒”字体规整端正，笔画分明，左为“彳”，右为“走”，为常见写法。 In modern Regular Script, the character '徒' is neat and upright, with clear strokes. '彳' is on the left and '走' on the right, which is the standard form.

常用词语和例句 (Common Words & Examples)

徒弟 (apprentice, disciple)

tú dì

他是师傅的徒弟，正在学习手艺。

Pinyin: Tā shì shīfu de túdì, zhèngzài xuéxí shǒuyì.

Eng: He is the master's apprentice and is learning the craft.

徒步 (to walk on foot, hiking)

tú bù

我们计划明天徒步旅行。

Pinyin: Wǒmen jìhuà míngtiān túbù lǚxíng.

Eng: We plan to go hiking on foot tomorrow.

徒劳 (in vain, fruitless effort)

tú láo

他的努力最终成了徒劳。

Pinyin: Tā de nǔlì zuìzhōng chéngle túláo.

Eng: His efforts were ultimately in vain.

相关成语 (Related Idioms)

徒劳无功 tú láo wú gōng

Meaning: to labor in vain, to work without success

常用来形容虽然付出了努力，但最终一无所获，成语本身不指具体故事，而是总结经验得出的教训。 It is often used to describe putting in effort with no result or achievement. The idiom itself is a general lesson summarizing the experience of laboring in vain, not based on a specific historical story.

多语言翻译 (核心释义) (Translations (Core Meaning))

  • French: disciple, à pied, en vain
  • German: Schüler, zu Fuß, vergeblich
  • Spanish: discípulo, a pie, en vano
  • Italian: discepolo, a piedi, invano
  • Portuguese: discípulo, a pé, em vão
  • Russian: ученик, пеший, напрасно
  • Arabic: تلميذ، سيرًا على الأقدام، عبثاً
  • Persian: شاگرد، پیاده، بیهوده
  • Dutch: leerling, te voet, vergeefs
  • Polish: uczeń, pieszo, na próżno
  • Vietnamese: đệ tử, đi bộ, vô ích
  • Ukrainian: учень, пішки, марно

视频学习资源 (Video Learning Resources)

通过以下链接在热门视频网站搜索 "徒" 的更多讲解：

Search for more explanations of "徒" on popular video sites:

网络参考 (Web References for "徒") ()

网络内容摘要 (Web Content Summary):

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“徒”字核心含义及起源： “徒”最初的意思是“步行”，源自古人步行的形象（如《易·贲》“舍车而徒”，即“下车步行”）。 Core meaning & origin: Originally, "徒" means "to walk on foot," derived from the image of people walking (e.g., in ancient texts, "舍车而徒" means "abandoning the carriage and walking").

引申义及常用用法： “徒”后来引申为步兵、跟从者、弟子、服劳役的人，或泛指人群。如“徒兵”（foot soldier）、“信徒”（believer/follower）、“教徒”（religious follower）。也可作负面词，指坏人，如“暴徒”（rioter）、“匪徒”（bandit）。此外，还可指仅仅、白白地（如“徒手”，即“空手”）。 Extended meanings & common uses: "徒" expanded to mean foot soldiers, followers, disciples, or those serving labor (e.g., "徒兵": foot soldier, "信徒": believer, "教徒": religious follower). In negative contexts, it means bad people (e.g., "暴徒": rioter, "匪徒": bandit). "徒" can also mean "merely" or "in vain" (e.g., "徒手": empty-handed).

  • 常用词/成语： 信徒、教徒、暴徒、徒手、徒劳（白费力气）。 Frequently used words/phrases: 信徒 (believer), 教徒 (religious person), 暴徒 (rioter), 徒手 (empty-handed), 徒劳 (in vain; fruitless effort).

易混淆点： “徒”与“屠”发音近，但含义完全不同；“徒手”里面“徒”并非“徒弟”之意，而是“空”的意思。 Points to note: "徒" is sometimes confused with "屠" (they sound similar, but have different meanings). In "徒手," "徒" means "empty," not "apprentice."

```

汉字"徒"的起源、演变过程-汉字字源辞典

徒本义为步行。 《易·贲》："舍车而徒。" 虞翻注："徒，步行也。" 引申可指步兵﹑跟从的人﹑徒党﹑弟子﹑服徭役或劳役的人，或泛指人﹑众等。也可引申指徒刑，即拘禁使服劳役。徒还可引申指空，"徒手"即空手。或作副词，义为仅仅﹑只﹑白白地。

徒的解释|徒的意思|汉典"徒"字的基本解释 - 漢典

名. 步卒、兵卒。 《詩經·魯頌·閟宮》：「公徒三萬。」 《左傳·隱公四年》：「諸侯之師，敗鄭徒兵，取其禾而還。 」. 人，多指壞人。 如：「暴徒」、「匪徒」、「不法之徒」。. 服膺、信仰某一宗教或學說的人。 如：「信徒」、「教徒」、「基督徒」、「佛教徒」。

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