闲

Pinyin: xián | Core Meaning: leisure, free (not busy), unoccupied, idle

基本信息 (Basic Information)

含义与用法 (Meanings & Usage)

中文核心释义 (Core Chinese Meaning): 空闲，没有事务、约束或限制；不被占用、无事可做。

英文核心释义 (Core English Meaning): leisure, free (not busy), unoccupied, idle

“闲”多用于表示人没有被事务占用，如“空闲时间”“闲聊”；也可用于形容空间未被使用，如“闲置房屋”。在口语和书面语中都很常见。注意“闲”与“忙”意义相反。 '闲' is mainly used to describe being free (not busy), such as in 'free time' (空闲时间) or 'chatting leisurely' (闲聊). It can also describe unused spaces (闲置的房屋). It is common in both spoken and written Chinese. '闲' is the opposite of '忙' ('busy').

象形意义 / 为何这么写 (Pictographic Meaning / Writing Rationale)

“闲”是会意字，上部“门”表示门，内含“月”表示月光，描绘月光通过门缝，象征空间、空余，后来引申为空闲、无事之意。'闲' is an ideogrammic compound: the top part '门' means 'gate', and inside is '月' meaning 'moon'. It depicts moonlight entering through a gate, symbolizing space or a gap, and later extended to mean 'leisure' or 'being unoccupied'.

文言文释义 (Classical Chinese Meaning)

与现代意义相近，多指门内的空隙，也用作空闲、无事。Similar to modern meaning; often referred to the space inside a gate or being free from affairs.

深入学习 (In-depth Study)

字源故事 (Origin Story)

“闲”本作“閒”，最早的字形是在“门”中加“月”，表示月光从门缝透进屋子的景象。用以指门内空隙，后来引申为没有被占用、空余的状态。The original form of '闲' was '閒', which depicts a 'moon' (月) inside a 'gate' (门), representing the moonlight shining through the gate. This illustrated a gap or space inside the gate, and later evolved to mean 'free', 'leisure', or 'unoccupied'.

字形演变 (Character Evolution)

甲骨文 (Oracle Bone Script):
甲骨文中“闲”写作“門”字形，门内通常加上“月”，表示月光透进大门的景象。 In Oracle Bone Script, '闲' is written as the character for 'gate' (門) with a 'moon' (月) inside, depicting moonlight entering through a gate.
金文 (Bronze Inscription):
金文中“闲”的结构更清晰，门框和“月”字更加分明，门内的“月”表明门内空隙。 In Bronze Inscriptions, the structure of '闲' is clearer, with a distinct 'gate' frame and 'moon' inside, emphasizing the space within the gate.
小篆 (Small Seal Script):
小篆的“闲”（閒）笔画流畅，门和月分隔明显，整体较为修长美观。 In Small Seal Script, '闲' (閒) has smooth strokes, with the 'gate' and 'moon' components clearly separated, creating an elegant, elongated shape.
隶书 (Clerical Script):
隶书中“闲”结构扁平，笔画转折明显，“门”和“月”更加简化。 '闲' in Clerical Script becomes more flat and the strokes are more angular. The 'gate' and 'moon' are further simplified.
楷书 (现代) (Regular Script (Modern)):
现代简化字写作“闲”，将“門”简化为“门”，保留“月”，组成常见结构。 The modern simplified character is '闲', with '門' simplified to '门' and retaining the 'moon' (月) component, forming the commonly used structure.

常用词语和例句 (Common Words & Examples)

空闲 (free time, leisure)

kòngxián

我在空闲的时候喜欢看书。

Pinyin: Wǒ zài kòngxián de shíhou xǐhuan kàn shū.

Eng: I like to read books during my free time.

闲聊 (chat casually, small talk)

xiánliáo

他们在公园里边走边闲聊。

Pinyin: Tāmen zài gōngyuán lǐ biān zǒu biān xiánliáo.

Eng: They chatted casually while walking in the park.

闲置 (idle, left unused)

xiánzhì

这台旧电脑已经闲置很久了。

Pinyin: Zhè tái jiù diànnǎo yǐjīng xiánzhì hěn jiǔ le.

Eng: This old computer has been idle for a long time.

相关成语 (Related Idioms)

无事可做，百无聊赖 wú shì kě zuò, bǎi wú liáo lài

Meaning: nothing to do, extremely bored

这个成语用来形容人非常空闲、无聊，不知道做什么好。例如：放假时，他无事可做，百无聊赖，只好看电视打发时间。 This idiom describes someone who is extremely idle and bored with nothing to do. For example: During the holidays, he had nothing to do and was extremely bored, so he watched TV to pass the time.

多语言翻译 (核心释义) (Translations (Core Meaning))

  • French: loisir, libre, inoccupé
  • German: Freizeit, frei, unbesetzt
  • Spanish: ocio, libre, desocupado
  • Italian: tempo libero, libero, inattivo
  • Portuguese: lazer, livre, desocupado
  • Russian: свободный, досуг, незанятый
  • Arabic: فراغ، غير مشغول، وقت الفراغ
  • Persian: فراغت، آزاد، بیکار
  • Dutch: vrije tijd, vrij, ongebruikt
  • Polish: wolny, czas wolny, nieużytkowany
  • Vietnamese: nhàn rỗi, rảnh rỗi, không bận
  • Ukrainian: дозвілля, вільний, незайнятий

视频学习资源 (Video Learning Resources)

通过以下链接在热门视频网站搜索 "闲" 的更多讲解：

Search for more explanations of "闲" on popular video sites:

网络参考 (Web References for "闲") ()

网络内容摘要 (Web Content Summary):

“闲”的核心含义是指“空闲、没有事、悠闲”的状态。它常用来形容不用忙于事务，处于休息或放松的状态。 The core meaning of "闲" is "leisure, being free from work, or being at ease." It often refers to a state of relaxation or not being occupied.

  • 象形起源或文化背景：“闲”字的繁体有两种写法：閒（门+月）和閑（门+木）。实际上，这两个是不同的字。通常用在“空闲、闲置”等词语中的“闲”应为“閒”，其字形像门里有月亮，象征门内安静、无人打扰，表达了空闲和安逸的意思。 Pictographic origin or cultural background: The traditional forms are "閒" (door + moon) and "閑" (door + wood), which are actually two different characters. "閒" (used in "free time," "idle") depicts a moon inside a door, symbolizing peace and leisure inside a quiet door.
  • 常见用法及常用词：常见词语有如“空闲”（free time）、“闲置”（idle, unused）、“闲聊”（chat casually）等。举例：“闲晏”（悠闲安逸）、“闲素”（悠闲纯朴）、“闲逛”（漫步、散步）。 Common usage & vocabulary: Frequently used in words such as "空闲" (free time), "闲置" (idle), and "闲聊" (chat). Examples include "闲晏" (leisurely and comfortable), "闲素" (simple and leisurely), "闲逛" (stroll, wander).
  • 易混淆点：“闲”与“閑”在传统汉字中意义和用法有别，且“閑”的原意是“门前的围栏”，与现代“闲（free, at leisure）”的含义不同。日常所用的“空闲、闲置”等应使用“閒/闲”。 Common confusion: "閒" and "閑" are different in traditional Chinese. "閑" originally meant "fence before the door" and is not used for "free time." Use "閒/闲" for "leisure" or "idle" meanings.

成语或扩展：相关常用成语或词语还有“闲是闲非”（无关紧要的对错）、“闲账”（与己无关之事）。 Idioms & extended use: Phrases such as "闲是闲非" (trivial rights and wrongs) and "闲账" (matters unrelated to oneself) use "闲."

注意：繁体与简体用法存在不同，掌握字形和语义差异有助于避免混淆。 Note: There are differences between simplified and traditional characters; recognizing these helps avoid confusion.

说文解字：闲 - 知乎 - 知乎专栏

闲，繁体里有两种写法： 閒 （ 门 +月）和 閑 （门+木）。 确切的说，不是两种写法，根本就是两个不同的字，因为字形和意义都不同。用在空闲、闲置等词汇当中的闲，从字形看，似乎后者更接近，但是，閑的本义是门前的围栏，显然对不上。

闲的解释|闲的意思|汉典"闲"字的基本解释 - 漢典

又如:闲晏(悠闲安逸);闲素(悠闲纯朴);闲肆(悠闲自然);闲蹓(闲逛。散步) (4) 与正事无关的 [have no truck with one's proper business] 。 如:闲是闲非(无关紧要的是是非非);闲冤家(与自己利害无关反同人结仇的人);闲账(与己无关的事) (5) 空虚 [hollow] 向来的幻境安在，回首总 ...

更多图片 (闲 More Images) ()

闲 - 更多图片 (More Images) (modelslab_artistic_v2)