刑

Pinyin: xíng | Core Meaning: punishment; penalty as defined by law

基本信息 (Basic Information)

含义与用法 (Meanings & Usage)

中文核心释义 (Core Chinese Meaning): 刑罚，法律规定的惩罚手段。

英文核心释义 (Core English Meaning): punishment; penalty as defined by law

“刑”多用于表示法律上的惩罚、刑罚，比如“刑法”“受刑”。常用于正式或法律语境中，日常口语少用。 '刑' is mainly used in contexts relating to law and punishment, such as '刑法' (Criminal Law) or '受刑' (to be punished). It appears mostly in formal or legal settings rather than daily conversation.

象形意义 / 为何这么写 (Pictographic Meaning / Writing Rationale)

“刑”字上部为“刂”（刀），表示割、切；下部是“开”，有分开、切开的意思，组合表示用刀切割，象征古代对罪犯施加的刑罚。The upper part of '刑' is '刂' (knife), symbolizing cutting, while the bottom is '开' (open/cut apart), together conveying the image of cutting as punishment—a reference to ancient judicial penalties.

文言文释义 (Classical Chinese Meaning)

与现代意义相近，均指刑罚、惩罚，但在文言文中用法更广泛，如表示一切有关惩戒和法律的事务。Similar to modern meaning, referring to punishment or penalty, though in Classical Chinese it could also broadly include anything related to legal penalties or enforcement.

深入学习 (In-depth Study)

字源故事 (Origin Story)

“刑”最早见于甲骨文。该字上半部分像刀，下半部分为“开”，表示用刀割、切，是古代用刀作刑罚的写照。后来引申为刑罚之意，代表以法定的手段惩治犯罪。'刑' first appeared in oracle bone script. The upper part resembles a knife, and the lower part is '开' (open/cut), together depicting the act of cutting or punishing with a blade—an ancient depiction of legal punishment using knives. It later extended to mean legal punishments in general.

字形演变 (Character Evolution)

甲骨文 (Oracle Bone Script):
甲骨文中“刑”字形上方是类似刀具的形状，下方为“开”字，整体表现为用刀割开的含义。 In Oracle Bone Script, the upper part of '刑' looks like a knife, below is the character '开' (to open/cut), together illustrating the idea of cutting as punishment.
金文 (Bronze Inscription):
金文形体更圆润，但依然可见刀和“开”字的组合，含义与甲骨文类似。 The Bronze Inscription version is rounder but still shows the combination of the knife and '开', retaining the idea of punishment by cutting.
小篆 (Small Seal Script):
小篆将“刑”整体变得更加规范与对称，刀与“开”逐渐合并，线条流畅。 Small Seal Script makes the '刑' character more regular and symmetrical, merging the knife and '开' components with smoother lines.
隶书 (Clerical Script):
隶书将笔画简化，结构更扁平化，字形也更加接近今天的样子。 In Clerical Script, the strokes were simplified and the structure flattened, making the character look more like its modern form.
楷书 (现代) (Regular Script (Modern)):
现代楷书中的“刑”已经定型，上下结构清晰，书写规范。 In modern Regular Script, '刑' has a fixed shape with clearly defined upper and lower parts in a standard format.

常用词语和例句 (Common Words & Examples)

刑法 (criminal law)

xíng fǎ

国家制定了新的刑法来打击犯罪。

Pinyin: Guójiā zhìdìng le xīn de xíng fǎ lái dǎjī fànzuì.

Eng: The country has enacted new criminal laws to combat crime.

刑罚 (penalty; punishment (especially legal punishment))

xíng fá

他因犯罪受到了法律的刑罚。

Pinyin: Tā yīn fànzuì shòudào le fǎlǜ de xíng fá.

Eng: He received legal punishment for his crime.

行刑 (to carry out a punishment (esp. execution))

xíng xíng

法官下令对罪犯行刑。

Pinyin: Fǎguān xiàlìng duì zuìfàn xíng xíng.

Eng: The judge ordered the punishment to be carried out on the criminal.

相关成语 (Related Idioms)

以德代刑 yǐ dé dài xíng

Meaning: to govern by virtue rather than by punishment

古代有“以德代刑”的思想，主张用道德教化取代严厉的刑罚，强调仁爱治国。 In ancient China, the idea of 'governing by virtue instead of punishment' emphasized ruling through moral education rather than harsh penalties, highlighting benevolent governance.

多语言翻译 (核心释义) (Translations (Core Meaning))

  • French: peine; châtiment
  • German: Strafe; Bestrafung
  • Spanish: castigo; pena
  • Italian: pena; punizione
  • Portuguese: pena; punição
  • Russian: наказание; кара
  • Arabic: عقوبة؛ جزاء
  • Persian: مجازات؛ کیفر
  • Dutch: straf; bestraffing
  • Polish: kara; ukaranie
  • Vietnamese: hình phạt; sự trừng phạt
  • Ukrainian: покарання; кара

视频学习资源 (Video Learning Resources)

通过以下链接在热门视频网站搜索 "刑" 的更多讲解：

Search for more explanations of "刑" on popular video sites:

网络参考 (Web References for "刑") ()

网络内容摘要 (Web Content Summary):

刑的核心含义是“刑罚”、“惩罚”，常用于法律、刑法等语境。刑 (xíng) primarily means "punishment" or "penalty," and is commonly used in legal or law-related contexts.

“刑”字的象形起源可追溯至甲骨文，原形像刀具切割，表达施加惩罚的含义，体现古代社会对司法与惩戒的重视。The character’s pictographic origin dates back to oracle bone inscriptions, resembling a cutting tool, symbolizing the act of inflicting punishment—an insight into the ancient Chinese legal culture.

  • 常见搭配与词语： 刑法（criminal law）、刑事（criminal）、刑具（instruments of punishment）、死刑（death penalty）。Common words and phrases: 刑法 (criminal law), 刑事 (criminal-related), 刑具 (tools of punishment), 死刑 (death penalty).
  • 易混字： “形”（形状）容易与“刑”混淆，需注意区分。Easily confused character: "形" (shape) is often confused with "刑" due to similar pronunciation and structure. Pay attention to their differences.

成语举例： “严刑峻法”指严厉的刑罚和法律。Idiom example: “严刑峻法” refers to strict punishments and harsh laws.

如果需要详细了解“刑”字甲骨文的象形本义或更多古文案例，可参考专业字源词典或相关书籍。For more details on the pictographic origin or oracle bone forms of "刑," consult specialized etymological dictionaries or oracle bone script reference books.

总结： “刑”描述与惩罚、法律相关的概念，在古文字中形象表达了其本义，现代也广泛应用于法律领域。Summary: "刑" describes concepts of punishment and law, with a pictographic origin representing this meaning, and is widely used in modern legal contexts.

汉字"刑"的起源与演变（源流）-汉字字源网

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