酵

Pinyin: jiào | Core Meaning: fermentation; leaven (substance that causes fermentation, e.g., yeast)

基本信息 (Basic Information)

含义与用法 (Meanings & Usage)

中文核心释义 (Core Chinese Meaning): 因微生物发酵作用而生成的物质，如酵母，用于引起或促进发酵。

英文核心释义 (Core English Meaning): fermentation; leaven (substance that causes fermentation, e.g., yeast)

“酵”一般用于科学、食品等领域，常见于如“酵母”“发酵”等词语，单独用较少，多作合成词使用。 ‘酵’ is mainly used in scientific or food contexts, commonly seen in words like ‘酵母’ (yeast) and ‘发酵’ (fermentation). It is rarely used alone, more often part of compound words.

象形意义 / 为何这么写 (Pictographic Meaning / Writing Rationale)

“酵”是形声字。左边的“酉”表示与酒类、发酵有关；右边的“孝”为声旁，提示读音。“酉”有容器或酒坛的象形意义，暗示发酵过程。'酵' is a phono-semantic compound character. The left component '酉' indicates a relationship with alcohol or fermentation, resembling a container or wine jar. The right component '孝' is the phonetic part, suggesting pronunciation.

文言文释义 (Classical Chinese Meaning)

与现代意义相近，指因微生物作用而发生变化的物质或过程。Similar to modern meaning, referring to substances or processes changed by microbial fermentation.

深入学习 (In-depth Study)

字源故事 (Origin Story)

“酵”由“酉”与“孝”组成。“酉”与酒和发酵有关，“孝”用作声旁，表示读音。汉字“酵”本指谷物、面团等因微生物作用变酸或发泡的过程及其产物。‘酵’ is composed of ‘酉’ (often associated with wine or fermentation) and ‘孝’ (serving as a phonetic component). The character originally referred to substances such as grains or dough that undergo souring or foaming due to microbial fermentation and the resulting products.

字形演变 (Character Evolution)

甲骨文 (Oracle Bone Script):
甲骨文中没有发现“酵”字的确切形态，因“酵”最早用于发酵相关物质，属于后起字。 The character '酵' has not been found in Oracle Bone Script as it was coined later in relation to fermentation; thus, no clear early form exists.
金文 (Bronze Inscription):
金文中“酵”字也较为少见，与后期小篆和隶书相比，并未形成规范写法。 In Bronze Inscriptions, '酵' is also rarely seen and did not have a standardized form compared to later scripts.
小篆 (Small Seal Script):
小篆中“酵”由“酉”与“孝”组成，字形较为对称，结构分明，用以记录与发酵有关的事物。 In Small Seal Script, '酵' is composed of '酉' and '孝', with a balanced structure, and was used to record fermentation-related things.
隶书 (Clerical Script):
隶书时，‘酵’的字形已经很接近现代写法，横折简化，线条较为扁平。 In Clerical Script, the form of '酵' became quite close to the modern version, with more simplified horizontal and flattened strokes.
楷书 (现代) (Regular Script (Modern)):
现代楷书中，“酵”结构清晰，左边为“酉”旁，右边为“孝”，便于识别，多用于科学与烹饪等领域。 In modern Regular Script, '酵' has a clear structure with the '酉' radical on the left and '孝' on the right, making it easy to recognize, mainly used in scientific and culinary contexts.

常用词语和例句 (Common Words & Examples)

酵母 (yeast)

jiào mǔ

做面包时需要用到酵母。

Pinyin: Zuò miànbāo shí xūyào yòng dào jiàomǔ.

Eng: Yeast is needed when making bread.

发酵 (fermentation)

fā jiào

酸奶是通过发酵牛奶制成的。

Pinyin: Suānnǎi shì tōngguò fājiào niúnǎi zhìchéng de.

Eng: Yogurt is made by fermenting milk.

相关成语 (Related Idioms)

相关成语信息待补充。Related idiom information pending.

多语言翻译 (核心释义) (Translations (Core Meaning))

  • French: fermentation ; levain
  • German: Fermentation ; Gärung ; Hefe
  • Spanish: fermentación ; levadura
  • Italian: fermentazione ; lievito
  • Portuguese: fermentação ; fermento
  • Russian: ферментация ; дрожжи
  • Arabic: تخمير ; خميرة
  • Persian: تخمیر ; مخمر
  • Dutch: fermentatie ; gist
  • Polish: fermentacja ; drożdże
  • Vietnamese: lên men ; men nở
  • Ukrainian: ферментація ; дріжджі

视频学习资源 (Video Learning Resources)

通过以下链接在热门视频网站搜索 "酵" 的更多讲解：

Search for more explanations of "酵" on popular video sites:

网络参考 (Web References for "酵") ()

网络内容摘要 (Web Content Summary):

核心含义：“酵”字的基本含义是指通过发酵过程使某种物质（如面团或酒）变得松软或产生酒精，常见于“发酵”。 Core meaning: The character “酵” refers to the fermentation process, making substances like dough or alcohol softer or alcoholic. It often appears in the word “发酵” (fermentation).

字形与文化背景：“酵”由“酉”（表示与酒和发酵相关）和“孝”组成，体现了古人通过酒或面团发酵的生活文化。《齐书》及历代文献常以“发酵”描述面包、酒类等食品的制作过程。 Pictographic origin & cultural background: “酵” is composed of “酉” (a radical for alcohol/fermentation) and “孝”. It reflects the ancient practices of fermenting grains for food and drink, as documented in historical texts.

  • 常见词语：发酵（ferment; fermentation），酵母（yeast）。 Common words: 发酵 (ferment/fermentation), 酵母 (yeast).
  • 易混淆点：“酵”易与“效”混淆，但“酵”只用于与发酵有关的语境。 Common confusion: “酵” can be confused with “效” (effect), but “酵” is only used in fermentation contexts.

成语与用法：“酵”主要用于日常名词和动词搭配，目前没有常用成语。 Idioms & usage: “酵” is mainly used in nouns and verbs for daily life (e.g., 发酵), with no common idioms.

补充说明：从提供的信息看，关于“酵”字的象形起源及文化背景介绍相对有限，主要集中于其在食品发酵中的应用。 Supplement: Available information on the pictographic origin or cultural background of “酵” is limited, and focuses mostly on its application in food fermentation.

汉字"酵"的起源、演变过程-汉字字源辞典

农业与汉字 评论" 酵 "字网页 2020-02-09 17:21:46 来自pc端 用扩张成字法来解释汉字未必是个好途径。 因为无法判断是否真实有这个历史过程，也有可能丢失了真正的造字涵义。

酵的解释|酵的意思|汉典"酵"字的基本解释 - 漢典

【廣韻】酒酵。【集韻】酒滓。【正字通】以酒母起麪曰發酵，蕭子顯《齊書》：永明九年正月詔太廟四時祭薦宣皇帝起麪餠。註：發酵也。韋巨源食單，有婆羅門輕高麪，今俗籠蒸饅頭發酵浮起者是也。金天曆元年有額外課，其十八曰酵。泰和四年定糟酵錢。

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