学习汉字 "殉" (xùn) - Learn Chinese Character "殉"

基本信息 (Basic Information)

含义与用法 (Meanings & Usage)

中文核心释义 (Core Chinese Meaning): 为了某个人、某种信仰或事业而牺牲生命，特指陪葬、为他人而死。

英文核心释义 (Core English Meaning): to die for a cause, a person, or in the line of duty; to be buried with the dead (ancient practice); martyrdom.

“殉”常用于殉职、殉情、殉国等词汇，表示因某种原因或信念而自愿牺牲生命。现代不再用于陪葬的实际行为，多用于比喻、书面语或纪念英勇牺牲者。 ‘殉’ is commonly seen in words like ‘殉职’ (to die on duty), ‘殉情’ (to die for love), or ‘殉国’ (to die for one's country), referring to sacrificing one's life for a cause or person. In modern times, it is no longer used to refer to actual burial with the dead, but is mostly metaphorical or used to honor heroic sacrifice.

象形意义 / 为何这么写 (Pictographic Meaning / Writing Rationale)

“殉”左边的“歹”表示与死亡、尸骨相关，右边的“旬”表示伴随、随行，合起来指随某人而死，用作随葬之意。The '歹' radical on the left denotes death or bones, while '旬' on the right conveys accompanying or following. Together, they signify dying along with someone else, as in burial with the dead.

文言文释义 (Classical Chinese Meaning)

文言文中多指陪葬、随从而死，与现代意义相近。Similar to modern meaning: mainly refers to dying for someone or being buried along with the dead.

深入学习 (In-depth Study)

字源故事 (Origin Story)

“殉”字最早源自甲骨文。“殉”由“歹”与“旬”构成，“歹”表示与死亡相关，“旬”本义为十天，引申有陪随、伴随之意。表示随人一起死，古代多指陪葬。The character '殉' first appeared in oracle bone script. It is composed of '歹' (relating to death) and '旬' (originally meaning 'ten days', later extending to mean 'accompany' or 'follow'). The character thus depicts the idea of dying with or following someone, historically referring to burial with the deceased.

字形演变 (Character Evolution)

甲骨文 (Oracle Bone Script):

甲骨文中“殉”字结构未见完整写法，“歹”部较为突出，表示与死亡相关。 In oracle bone script, '殉' did not yet appear in its modern entirety; the '歹' component (signifying death) is prominent.

金文 (Bronze Inscription):

金文时期开始出现“歹”与“旬”组合，结构更接近现代写法，表示随葬、陪死。 In bronze inscriptions, the combination of '歹' and '旬' emerged, structure nearer to the modern form, signifying burial with the dead or dying together.

小篆 (Small Seal Script):

小篆中“殉”字形变得圆润，部首分明，整体结构规范，用作陪葬含义。 In small seal script, the form was more rounded and orderly, radicals well defined, and used for the meaning of being buried with the dead.

隶书 (Clerical Script):

隶书阶段“殉”字显著扁平化，与现代写法已很接近。 During the clerical script era, '殉' took on a more flattened form, very close to the modern character.

楷书 (现代) (Regular Script (Modern)):

现代楷书中“殉”字结构规范，由“歹”和“旬”组成，广泛用于现代书写。 '殉' in modern regular script is standardized, composed of '歹' and '旬', and is widely used in contemporary writing.

常用词语和例句 (Common Words & Examples)

殉职 (to die in the line of duty)

xùn zhí

消防员在救火时英勇殉职。

Pinyin: Xiāofángyuán zài jiùhuǒ shí yīngyǒng xùnzhí.

Eng: The firefighter heroically died in the line of duty while fighting the fire.

殉情 (to kill oneself for love or in devotion to a lover)

xùn qíng

古代小说中常有为爱殉情的故事。

Pinyin: Gǔdài xiǎoshuō zhōng cháng yǒu wèi ài xùnqíng de gùshì.

Eng: Stories of dying for love are common in ancient novels.

殉国 (to sacrifice one's life for the country)

xùn guó

许多革命烈士为国殉国，令人敬佩。

Pinyin: Xǔduō gémìng lièshì wèiguó xùnguó, lìng rén jìngpèi.

Eng: Many revolutionary martyrs sacrificed their lives for the country, which commands admiration.

多语言翻译 (核心释义) (Translations (Core Meaning))

French: mourir pour une cause, s'immoler, être enterré avec les morts (ancien usage)
German: für eine Sache sterben, sich opfern, mit dem Toten begraben werden (früher)
Spanish: morir por una causa, sacrificarse, ser enterrado con el difunto (antiguamente)
Italian: morire per una causa, sacrificarsi, essere sepolto insieme al defunto (in antichità)
Portuguese: morrer por uma causa, se sacrificar, ser enterrado com o morto (antigamente)
Russian: погибать за идею, приносить себя в жертву, быть похороненным с покойным (в древности)
Arabic: يموت من أجل قضية أو شخص، يضحي بنفسه، يُدفن مع المتوفى (في العصور القديمة)
Persian: فدا شدن برای کسی یا عقیده‌ای، همراه مرده دفن شدن (در گذشته)
Dutch: zich opofferen voor een doel, sterven voor iemand, met de dode begraven worden (vroeger gebruik)
Polish: umrzeć za sprawę, poświęcić się, być pochowanym z zmarłym (dawniej)
Vietnamese: hy sinh vì một lý tưởng, chết vì ai đó, chôn cùng người đã khuất (cổ xưa)
Ukrainian: померти за ідею, принести себе в жертву, бути похованим з померлим (у давнину)

视频学习资源 (Video Learning Resources)

通过以下链接在热门视频网站搜索 "殉" 的更多讲解：

Search for more explanations of "殉" on popular video sites:

在 Bilibili.com 搜索 "殉字源说文解字" (Search on Bilibili)
在 YouTube.com 搜索 "殉 character origin etymology" (Search on YouTube)

网络参考 (Web References for "殉") ()

网络内容摘要 (Web Content Summary):

“殉”，拼音为 xùn，是一个常用作动词的汉字。其本义为“殉葬”，即在古代用活人随死者一同下葬。 “殉” (xùn) is commonly used as a verb in Chinese. Its original meaning is "to be buried alive with the dead" as part of ancient burial practices.

字形起源： “殉”是形声字，从“歹”（意为骨头、与死亡有关），“旬”作声旁。它体现了与死亡相关的含义。 Etymology: “殉” is a phono-semantic character. The “歹” component relates to bones/death, while “旬” provides the sound. The character thus denotes something associated with death.
常见用法： 除了古代“殉葬”，现代汉语里常见的搭配有“殉职”（die in the line of duty）、“殉情”（commit suicide for love）。 Common usages: Besides the ancient "burial with the dead," modern collocations include “殉职” (die in the line of duty) and “殉情” (commit suicide for love).
易混淆点： “殉”与“旬”形近但意义完全不同，应注意区分；“殉”多与死亡或牺牲相关。 Confusion: “殉” can be confused with “旬” due to similar appearance, but their meanings differ greatly; “殉” relates to death or sacrifice.
文化背景： 古代殉葬制度反映了中国古代丧葬观念与社会等级现象。 Cultural background: The ancient practice of "殉葬" reflects China’s traditional views on burial and social hierarchy.

成语/例句： 殉国（为国家牺牲）、为国捐躯也可用“殉”字表达牺牲之意。 Related expressions: “殉国”（sacrifice for one's country）; the character can express sacrifice in set phrases.

殉《汉字字源》_汉字「殉」_殉在汉字字源中的解释 - 国学大师

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殉的解释|殉的意思|汉典"殉"字的基本解释 - 漢典

殉 xùn 〈动〉 (1) (形声。从歹 (本作歺)，旬声。歺 ( è)，剔过肉剩下的骨头，常与 "死亡" 有关。本义:殉葬;以人从葬) (2) 同本义 [be buried alive with] 殉，用人送死也。——《玉篇》王缢于芋尹申亥氏。申亥以其二女殉而葬之。—— 《左传》死者用生者之器也，不殆于用殉乎哉。——《礼记·檀弓 ...

殉