宾

Pinyin: bīn | Core Meaning: guest, visitor

基本信息 (Basic Information)

含义与用法 (Meanings & Usage)

中文核心释义 (Core Chinese Meaning): 客人，来访的人

英文核心释义 (Core English Meaning): guest, visitor

“宾”主要用作名词，常指客人或来宾。常见于“宾客”、“嘉宾”等词语，有时也用于书面语表达礼貌、尊敬的客人身份。 '宾' is mainly used as a noun, meaning guest or visitor. Commonly appears in words like '宾客' (guest) and '嘉宾' (honored guest). It often expresses respect and courtesy in formal or written language.

象形意义 / 为何这么写 (Pictographic Meaning / Writing Rationale)

“宾”字的上部是“宀”（房屋），下方表示人，体现屋下有客。古文字中常见“貝”，表示以财物、礼物待客。简化字去掉了“貝”而保留其主要意象。The top part of '宾' is '宀' (roof/home), and underneath is a structure representing a person, reflecting a guest under someone's roof. The ancient form included '贝' (shell/money), signifying gifts for guests. The simplified version omits '贝' but keeps the main symbolism.

文言文释义 (Classical Chinese Meaning)

文言文中“宾”与现代意义相近，也泛指来客、外来人士，阴阳、主客之对立亦用“宾”。In Classical Chinese, '宾' has a meaning similar to modern usage—guest, outsider—and can also mean 'the secondary' in opposition to 'host'.

深入学习 (In-depth Study)

字源故事 (Origin Story)

“宾”最早起源于甲骨文，其构形表示屋子（表示遮盖的建筑）下有人，象征客人到访并被接待的情景。后来在“賓”中加入“貝”，表示与财物、礼物有关，强调主人以礼遇待客。The character '宾' originated from oracle bone script, where its form depicted a house (shelter/roof) with a person underneath, symbolizing a guest being received. In its ancient form '賓', the '贝' (shell/money) component was added, implying a guest is treated with ritual gifts or respect.

字形演变 (Character Evolution)

甲骨文 (Oracle Bone Script):
甲骨文中的“宾”多为“賓”，形象地表现出屋顶下端坐（或跪坐）的人，表示客人进入屋中受接待。 In oracle bone script, '宾' (as '賓') graphically depicted a person sitting or kneeling under a roof, indicating a guest being received inside the house.
金文 (Bronze Inscription):
金文延续了甲骨文的结构，进一步突出了房屋和人的组合，有时可见用“貝”表示财物赠礼之意。 Bronze inscriptions kept the structure of a person under a roof; sometimes included '贝' (shell) to represent wealth or the presentation of gifts to guests.
小篆 (Small Seal Script):
小篆中的“賓”形体变得更加规整，屋顶和人形以及貝形都较为清晰，结构紧凑。 In small seal script, '賓' became more regularized, with clear and compact depiction of the roof, the person, and the shell component.
隶书 (Clerical Script):
隶书中“賓”结构逐渐简化，各部件线条更平直，为后来的简化字“宾”奠定基础。 In clerical script, '賓' underwent structural simplification, with straighter lines, helping to establish the simplified form '宾'.
楷书 (现代) (Regular Script (Modern)):
现代汉字中采用简化字“宾”，省去“貝”，只保留“宀”与下方结构，笔画简洁明了。 Modern regular script uses the simplified '宾', removing the '贝' (shell) component and keeping only the roof symbol and the lower structure, making the character concise.

常用词语和例句 (Common Words & Examples)

宾客 (guest, visitor)

bīn kè

酒店大厅里迎来了许多宾客。

Pinyin: Jiǔdiàn dàtīng lǐ yíng lái le xǔduō bīnkè.

Eng: Many guests arrived at the hotel lobby.

嘉宾 (honored guest, distinguished guest)

jiā bīn

本次晚会特邀多位嘉宾出席。

Pinyin: Běncì wǎnhuì tèyāo duō wèi jiābīn chūxí.

Eng: Several distinguished guests were specially invited to attend the evening party.

来宾 (visitor, guest (arriving))

lái bīn

来宾请在签到处登记。

Pinyin: Láibīn qǐng zài qiāndào chù dēngjì.

Eng: Guests, please register at the check-in desk.

相关成语 (Related Idioms)

宾至如归 bīn zhì rú guī

Meaning: Guests feel at home

“宾至如归”出自《后汉书》，形容主人待客非常热情，让客人感觉像回到自己家一样舒适自在。 The idiom '宾至如归' comes from the 'Book of the Later Han'. It describes a situation where the host's hospitality makes guests feel as comfortable as if they were at home.

多语言翻译 (核心释义) (Translations (Core Meaning))

  • French: invité, hôte
  • German: Gast
  • Spanish: invitado, huésped
  • Italian: ospite
  • Portuguese: convidado, hóspede
  • Russian: гость
  • Arabic: ضيف
  • Persian: مهمان
  • Dutch: gast
  • Polish: gość
  • Vietnamese: khách
  • Ukrainian: гість

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