敢

Pinyin: gǎn | Core Meaning: to dare; to have the courage to do something; not afraid of difficulties or danger.

基本信息 (Basic Information)

含义与用法 (Meanings & Usage)

中文核心释义 (Core Chinese Meaning): 有勇气去做某事，不怕困难和危险。

英文核心释义 (Core English Meaning): to dare; to have the courage to do something; not afraid of difficulties or danger.

“敢”主要用作动词，表示有勇气去做或尝试某事，常常和“于”“不”“说”等词搭配，例如“敢于”、“不敢”、“敢说”。有时也用作助动词，表示冒险或尝试的意思。 '敢' is mainly used as a verb meaning 'to dare' or 'to have the courage.' It often collocates with words like '于' (gǎn yú - dare to), '不' (bù gǎn - not dare), or '说' (gǎn shuō - dare to say). It can also function as an auxiliary verb indicating a willingness to take risks or try.

象形意义 / 为何这么写 (Pictographic Meaning / Writing Rationale)

“敢”由“耳”和“攵”组成，‘耳’表示身体部位，‘攵’意指用手行动。整体象征勇敢、不畏惧，将耳朵暴露在可能受打击的危险下，比喻有勇气面对挑战。'敢' is composed of 'ear' (representing a body part) and '攵' (indicating action by hand). The whole structure symbolizes bravery and fearlessness—exposing one's ear to potential striking, metaphorically representing the courage to face challenges.

文言文释义 (Classical Chinese Meaning)

与现代意义相近，主要指勇于做事，不畏惧。Similar to modern meaning; primarily refers to being brave or daring to act, not afraid.

深入学习 (In-depth Study)

字源故事 (Origin Story)

“敢”字最早见于甲骨文，由“攵”（表示用手行动）和“耳”组成，意指用手敲打耳朵，引申为冒险、勇于尝试之意。在古代，这个动作象征敢于面对危险或恐惧，后来演变为表示‘有勇气’。The character '敢' first appeared in oracle bone script, composed of '攵' (indicating action with the hand) and '耳' (ear), symbolizing the act of striking or tapping the ear—an act seen as brave or defiant. In ancient times, this action implied daring to face danger or fear, which later evolved to mean 'to have courage'.

字形演变 (Character Evolution)

甲骨文 (Oracle Bone Script):
甲骨文中的“敢”字由“耳”和“攵”两部分组成，结构较为图画化，形态像一只耳朵旁边有手持物敲打的动作。 In oracle bone script, '敢' consisted of 'ear' and '攵' components in a pictorial form, resembling an ear next to a hand holding something, indicating the action of striking.
金文 (Bronze Inscription):
金文中“敢”的结构更加规整，‘耳’和‘攵’的形状开始简化，保持了敲打耳朵的象征动作。 In bronze inscriptions, the structure of '敢' became more standardized, with simplified shapes of 'ear' and '攵', still symbolizing the act of striking the ear.
小篆 (Small Seal Script):
小篆中的“敢”笔画更加流畅统一，‘耳’和‘攵’的构件合为一个整体，形体修长。 In small seal script, '敢' features more flowing and unified strokes, merging the components of 'ear' and '攵' into a single, elongated form.
隶书 (Clerical Script):
隶书阶段，“敢”字结构变得方正，横竖分明，笔画出现波磔，易于书写。 In clerical script, the structure of '敢' became more rectangular and clear-cut, with strokes featuring noticeable flourish, making writing easier.
楷书 (现代) (Regular Script (Modern)):
现代楷书中的“敢”是由“耳”和“攵”组成的规范结构，笔画工整分明，是现在常见的标准写法。 In modern regular script, '敢' is formed by a standard combination of 'ear' and '攵' components, with clear and neat strokes, representing the contemporary standard form.

常用词语和例句 (Common Words & Examples)

敢于 (to dare to; to have the courage to)

gǎn yú

他敢于挑战权威。

Pinyin: Tā gǎn yú tiǎozhàn quánwēi.

Eng: He dares to challenge authority.

勇敢 (brave; courageous)

yǒng gǎn

小女孩表现得非常勇敢。

Pinyin: Xiǎo nǚhái biǎoxiàn de fēicháng yǒnggǎn.

Eng: The little girl was very brave.

不敢 (dare not; not dare to)

bù gǎn

我不敢一个人去黑暗的地方。

Pinyin: Wǒ bù gǎn yí ge rén qù hēi'àn de dìfāng.

Eng: I dare not go to dark places alone.

相关成语 (Related Idioms)

敢作敢当 gǎn zuò gǎn dāng

Meaning: dare to act and take responsibility; to have the courage to take responsibility for what one does

“敢作敢当”出自古人对为人处事的要求，强调个人要有勇气做自己认为对的事，并敢于承担后果。后用来形容有担当的人。 '敢作敢当' originated from ancient expectations of conduct, emphasizing that one should have the courage to do what is right in one’s eyes and take responsibility for the consequences. It is used to describe a person who is responsible and brave.

多语言翻译 (核心释义) (Translations (Core Meaning))

  • French: oser; avoir le courage
  • German: wagen; sich trauen
  • Spanish: atreverse; tener el valor
  • Italian: osare; avere il coraggio
  • Portuguese: ousar; ter coragem
  • Russian: осмеливаться; иметь смелость
  • Arabic: يجرؤ؛ يتحلى بالشجاعة
  • Persian: جسارت داشتن؛ جرأت کردن
  • Dutch: durven; moed hebben
  • Polish: odważyć się; mieć odwagę
  • Vietnamese: dám; có dũng khí
  • Ukrainian: наважуватися; мати сміливість

视频学习资源 (Video Learning Resources)

通过以下链接在热门视频网站搜索 "敢" 的更多讲解：

Search for more explanations of "敢" on popular video sites:

网络参考 (Web References for "敢") ()

网络内容摘要 (Web Content Summary):

“敢”的核心含义是“有勇气去做某事，不怕困难或危险”，常译为“to dare; to have courage”。 The core meaning of “敢” is “to dare, to have courage to do something, not afraid of difficulty or danger.”

  • 字形起源方面，“敢”最早见于甲骨文。据部分资料推测，其古代形象与“用手持武器进行打猎或惩戒”有关，表达勇敢、冒险的含义。 In its origin, “敢” appeared in oracle bone script. Ancient forms suggest it may depict someone using a weapon, relating to hunting or punishment, symbolizing bravery and risk-taking.

  • 常用搭配：如“敢于(dare to do something)”、“不敢(does not dare)”、“竟敢(how dare someone)”。 Common collocations: such as “敢于” (dare to), “不敢” (don't dare), “竟敢” (how dare...).

  • 易混淆点：“敢”与“严”形似，但含义不同。注意不要混淆。 Confusable point: “敢” and “严” look similar but have different meanings. Take care not to confuse them.

  • 相关成语：“敢作敢当”（dare to act and take responsibility）、“敢怒不敢言”（have the courage to be angry but not to speak out）。 Related idioms: “敢作敢当” (dare to act and bear the consequence), “敢怒不敢言” (angry but dare not speak out).

总之，“敢”是描述勇气与行动意愿的重要汉字，广泛用于日常表达中。 In summary, “敢” is an important character expressing bravery and willingness to act, widely used in daily Chinese.

注：目前公开的甲骨文解读信息有限，若需深入研究可参考专业汉字字源辞典与甲骨文专著。 Note: Publicly available information about its oracle bone origin is limited; consult specialized dictionaries for more detail.

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