学习汉字 "险" (xiǎn) - Learn Chinese Character "险"

基本信息 (Basic Information)

含义与用法 (Meanings & Usage)

中文核心释义 (Core Chinese Meaning): 危险，有危险的地方或情况，也指意外、风险。

英文核心释义 (Core English Meaning): danger; dangerous place or situation; risk.

“险”在现代汉语中多用于表示有危险或风险。“险”常用在“保险”（insurance）、“危险”（danger）等词语中，也可作形容词使用，如“险路”。 In modern Chinese, '险' is often used to indicate danger or risk. Commonly appears in words like '保险' (insurance) and '危险' (danger). It can also be used as an adjective, e.g., '险路' (dangerous road).

象形意义 / 为何这么写 (Pictographic Meaning / Writing Rationale)

“险”字左边是‘僉’，表示很多人聚集在一起，右边是‘阝’，表示山或地势。合起来表示山路险峻、道路危险，引申为一切带有风险、危险的情况。The left part '僉' represents many people gathered together, while the right part '阝' stands for a hill or terrain. Combined, they suggest a dangerous mountain path or treacherous terrain, thus extending to any situation involving risk or danger.

文言文释义 (Classical Chinese Meaning)

文言文中“险”一般指地势险要、危险，与现代意义相近。In Classical Chinese, '险' usually refers to dangerous or steep terrain, similar to its modern meaning.

深入学习 (In-depth Study)

字源故事 (Origin Story)

“险”最早由“僉”（qiān，意思为全部、众多）和“阝”（代表山丘或地形）组成，表示地势高峻、道路险要，引申为危险、风险。后来泛指一切危险或有风险的情况。'险' originally combines '僉' (qiān, meaning all or many) and '阝' (representing hills or terrain), indicating steep and dangerous terrain. It later extended to mean any danger or risky situation.

字形演变 (Character Evolution)

甲骨文 (Oracle Bone Script):

甲骨文中没有直接出现“险”字，但相关词形如“僉”与地形符号组合表达险峻地势。 The character '险' did not appear directly in oracle bone script, but related forms combined '僉' and terrain symbols to express steep or dangerous places.

金文 (Bronze Inscription):

金文中开始出现与“险”类似的结构，左为“僉”，右为“阝”，表示与道路、地势相关的危险。 In bronze inscriptions, a structure similar to '险' appeared, with '僉' on the left and '阝' (hill/mound radical) on the right, indicating danger related to roads or terrain.

小篆 (Small Seal Script):

小篆中的“险”字形更规范，左边“僉”结构，右边阝部，线条流畅，含义保持为地势险要。 In small seal script, '险' becomes more standardized, with the '僉' structure on the left and the阝radical on the right, lines became smoother, maintaining the meaning of dangerous terrain.

隶书 (Clerical Script):

隶书中“险”字趋于扁平，结构更加简化，笔画分明，便于书写。 '险' in clerical script became flatter and more simplified, strokes became clearer and more convenient for writing.

楷书 (现代) (Regular Script (Modern)):

现代楷书中“险”字即为现在的写法，结构清晰，广泛应用于现代汉语中。 The modern regular script for '险' is the current form, with a clear structure, widely used in modern Chinese.

常用词语和例句 (Common Words & Examples)

危险 (danger, dangerous)

wēixiǎn

这个地方太危险了，我们不要过去。

Pinyin: Zhège dìfang tài wēixiǎn le, wǒmen bú yào guòqù.

Eng: This place is too dangerous, we shouldn’t go over there.

保险 (insurance; safe)

bǎoxiǎn

你买了健康保险吗？

Pinyin: Nǐ mǎi le jiànkāng bǎoxiǎn ma?

Eng: Did you buy health insurance?

险峻 (steep and dangerous (usually describing terrain))

xiǎnjùn

这座山非常险峻，不容易攀登。

Pinyin: Zhè zuò shān fēicháng xiǎnjùn, bù róngyì pāndēng.

Eng: This mountain is very steep and dangerous, not easy to climb.

多语言翻译 (核心释义) (Translations (Core Meaning))

French: danger, risque
German: Gefahr, Risiko
Spanish: peligro, riesgo
Italian: pericolo, rischio
Portuguese: perigo, risco
Russian: опасность, риск
Arabic: خطر، مجازفة
Persian: خطر، ریسک
Dutch: gevaar, risico
Polish: niebezpieczeństwo, ryzyko
Vietnamese: nguy hiểm, rủi ro
Ukrainian: небезпека, ризик

视频学习资源 (Video Learning Resources)

通过以下链接在热门视频网站搜索 "险" 的更多讲解：

Search for more explanations of "险" on popular video sites:

在 Bilibili.com 搜索 "险字源说文解字" (Search on Bilibili)
在 YouTube.com 搜索 "险 character origin etymology" (Search on YouTube)

网络参考 (Web References for "险") ()

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险