砍

Pinyin: kǎn | Core Meaning: To chop, cut, or hack (something) forcefully with a tool such as an axe.

基本信息 (Basic Information)

含义与用法 (Meanings & Usage)

中文核心释义 (Core Chinese Meaning): 用力用器具斩、劈、削，如“砍树”、“砍木头”。

英文核心释义 (Core English Meaning): To chop, cut, or hack (something) forcefully with a tool such as an axe.

“砍”一般用作动词，表示用斧头、刀等工具对物体进行劈、斩、削等动作。常见搭配有“砍树”、“砍价”（比喻用法，指议价讲价），也可引申为大幅度减少（如“砍预算”）。 '砍' is primarily a verb, meaning to chop or cut with a tool (e.g., axe or knife). Common collocations include '砍树' (to chop a tree) and '砍价' (bargain, literally 'chop prices'). It can also be metaphorically used to mean reduce drastically (e.g., '砍预算'—cut the budget).

象形意义 / 为何这么写 (Pictographic Meaning / Writing Rationale)

“砍”是会意字，左边“石”表示石器或硬物，右边“欠”表示张口或用力的动作，合起来象征用石器等工具用力劈砍。'砍' is an associative compound character: the left part '石' stands for a stone or a tool, the right part '欠' depicts an open mouth or an exertion action, together suggesting the act of chopping forcefully with a tool.

文言文释义 (Classical Chinese Meaning)

与现代意义相近，均指斩、劈、削。Similar to modern meaning: to chop, cut, or hack.

深入学习 (In-depth Study)

字源故事 (Origin Story)

“砍”字由“石”（表示石头，指工具材料）和“欠”（表示张口喘息或用力的动作）组成，意指用石制工具砍伐。最初的含义与用力斩劈密切相关。The character '砍' is formed by combining '石' (stone, indicating stone tools) and '欠' (representing an open mouth or the action of exertion). It originally described the act of forcefully chopping or hacking using stone tools.

字形演变 (Character Evolution)

甲骨文 (Oracle Bone Script):
甲骨文中未见“砍”的完整字形，但与“石”和“欠”的组合相关的形体偶有出现，多指劈砍动作。 The full form of '砍' is not found in Oracle Bone Script, but components related to '石' (stone) and '欠' (exertion) appear separately, often referring to cutting or chopping actions.
金文 (Bronze Inscription):
金文中出现了类似“砍”的组合，明确包含“石”与“欠”，整体结构已接近后来的写法。 In Bronze Inscriptions, a form similar to '砍' appears, clearly combining '石' and '欠', and the structure is close to later scripts.
小篆 (Small Seal Script):
小篆中“砍”字的形体规整，“石”位于左侧，“欠”在右，结构分明，已与现代字形相似。 In the Small Seal Script, '砍' is more regular, with '石' on the left and '欠' on the right, making the structure clear and similar to the modern form.
隶书 (Clerical Script):
隶书中“砍”的两部分更加方整，笔画变粗，书写更便捷流畅。 In Clerical Script, the two components of '砍' become more squarish and bold, making writing easier and smoother.
楷书 (现代) (Regular Script (Modern)):
楷书中“砍”字结构定型，左“石”右“欠”，笔画规范，在现代广泛使用。 In modern Regular Script, the structure of '砍' is standardized with '石' on the left and '欠' on the right, following standard stroke order and widely used today.

常用词语和例句 (Common Words & Examples)

砍树 (to chop (down) a tree)

kǎn shù

工人正在山上砍树。

Pinyin: Gōngrén zhèngzài shān shàng kǎn shù.

Eng: Workers are chopping down trees on the mountain.

砍价 (to bargain; to haggle (literally: to cut the price))

kǎn jià

在市场买东西时可以砍价。

Pinyin: Zài shìchǎng mǎi dōngxi shí kěyǐ kǎn jià.

Eng: You can bargain when shopping at the market.

砍伐 (to fell; to cut down (trees, woodlands))

kǎn fá

过度砍伐会导致环境破坏。

Pinyin: Guòdù kǎn fá huì dǎozhì huánjìng pòhuài.

Eng: Excessive logging can cause environmental damage.

相关成语 (Related Idioms)

相关成语信息待补充。Related idiom information pending.

多语言翻译 (核心释义) (Translations (Core Meaning))

  • French: abattre, couper (avec une hache)
  • German: fällen, hacken
  • Spanish: cortar, talar
  • Italian: abbattere, tagliare
  • Portuguese: derrubar, cortar
  • Russian: рубить, срубить
  • Arabic: يقطع أو يقطع بالفأس
  • Persian: قطع کردن، بریدن با تبر
  • Dutch: omhakken, kappen
  • Polish: ścinać, rąbać
  • Vietnamese: chặt, đốn
  • Ukrainian: рубати, зрубати

视频学习资源 (Video Learning Resources)

通过以下链接在热门视频网站搜索 "砍" 的更多讲解：

Search for more explanations of "砍" on popular video sites:

网络参考 (Web References for "砍") ()

网络内容摘要 (Web Content Summary):

```html

砍的核心含义是“用刀、斧等用力劈、削” ，常指把东西从中间劈开或切断。 Core meaning: "砍" means to chop, cut, or hack forcefully with a tool like an axe or knife, often to split or sever something.

在字形起源上，“砍”字的篆文包含“石”（石头、石制工具）和“欠”（形容张口呼气、喊号子）。这反映了古人用石斧劳动时大声呐喊，以助发力。字本义强调了体力劳动与配合号子的场景。 The character's origin: In oracle and bronze scripts, "砍" contains elements for "stone" (representing stone tools) and "欠" (depicting an open mouth, suggesting shouting or chanting). It recalls ancient laborers using stone axes and shouting to boost strength during work.

  • 易混淆点：“砍”与“斩”（to decapitate/cut off）等字在意思和用法上有区别；“砍”更强调用工具劈、削，常指对树木、木头等。 Tip: "砍" differs from similar characters like "斩" (which usually means to behead or cut off); "砍" focuses on chopping, often wood or trees.
  • 常见词语：如“砍柴”（chop wood）、“砍价”（bargain, literally "cut price"），“砍伐”（fell trees），“砍头”（behead）。 Common words: 砍柴 (chop firewood), 砍价 (bargain), 砍伐 (cut down/fell trees), 砍头 (behead).
  • 成语例子：“砍瓜切菜”用来形容做事干脆利落、毫不拖泥带水。 Idiom example: "砍瓜切菜" describes doing tasks decisively and efficiently.
```

汉字"砍"的起源、演变过程-汉字字源辞典

欠 ，既是声旁也是形旁，是" 歎 "的省略，表示叹息、吟叹。 砍 ，篆文 （石，石斧） （欠，即"歎"，叹息、吟叹），表示手持石斧，吟叹着号子。 远古时代用石斧伐木或加工木材是一项重体力劳动，口呼号子有助于发力。 造字本义：动词，配合劳动号子，挥舞石斧奋力斫劈 。

砍《汉字字源》_汉字「砍」_砍在汉字字源中的解释 - 国学大师

「砍」开头的词语: 砍一枝损百枝 砍一枝损百株 砍一枝損百枝 砍一枝損百株 砍一枝，损百枝 砍价 砍伐 砍傷 砍刀 砍削 砍土鏝 砍土镘 砍大山 砍头 砍头疮 砍斷 砍木 砍杀 砍柴 砍殺 砍營 砍瓜切菜 砍砢 砍砸器 砍脍 砍脑鬼 砍腦鬼 砍膾 砍营 砍鐵如泥 砍頭 砍頭癰

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