山

Pinyin: shān | Core Meaning: mountain, hill, a raised part of earth's surface

基本信息 (Basic Information)

含义与用法 (Meanings & Usage)

中文核心释义 (Core Chinese Meaning): 山峰，高地，地面突起的部分

英文核心释义 (Core English Meaning): mountain, hill, a raised part of earth's surface

“山”主要用于指自然地理中的高地，如山脉、山峰。现代常用于地名、构词（如“高山”、“火山”）以及比喻高大、困难等。 '山' is mainly used to refer to natural landforms such as mountains and hills. It is commonly found in place names, compounds (like '高山' high mountain, '火山' volcano), and metaphorically to describe something grand or difficult.

象形意义 / 为何这么写 (Pictographic Meaning / Writing Rationale)

“山”是象形字，整体像三座高低不一的山峰连在一起，中间一峰最高，左右两峰较低，形象地描绘了自然界山峦起伏的景象。'山' is a pictographic character, resembling three connected mountain peaks with the central peak the tallest and the two sides lower, vividly portraying the undulating landscape of mountains in nature.

文言文释义 (Classical Chinese Meaning)

与现代意义相近，主要指山脉、山丘等自然高地，有时也作高大之意的比喻。Similar to modern meaning, mainly referring to mountains and hills in nature, sometimes used metaphorically to indicate greatness.

深入学习 (In-depth Study)

字源故事 (Origin Story)

“山”字最早见于甲骨文，其形状像三座连绵的高山。古人在观察自然时，用三根高起的曲线来描绘山峦起伏的样子，因此形成了“山”的象形结构。The character '山' first appeared in oracle bone script, its shape resembling three connected peaks. Ancient people, inspired by natural landscapes, used three rising curves to depict the undulating form of mountains, creating the pictographic structure of '山'.

字形演变 (Character Evolution)

甲骨文 (Oracle Bone Script):
甲骨文中的“山”由三根竖线组成，中央一根较长，象征山峰高低起伏，整体造型简洁象形。 In Oracle Bone Script, '山' consists of three vertical lines, with the central line taller, representing the peaks and undulations of mountains; the shape is simple and pictographic.
金文 (Bronze Inscription):
金文中的“山”更为圆润，三根短直线连接，上端稍作弯曲，加强了山峰的表现力。 In Bronze Inscription, '山' became more rounded and connected, with the three short vertical strokes slightly curved at the top to accentuate the shape of peaks.
小篆 (Small Seal Script):
小篆的“山”字变得更加统一规整，三根竖线中央高、两侧低，结构对称，线条流畅。 In Small Seal Script, '山' appears more standardized: three vertical lines—higher in the center, lower on both sides—symmetrical with flowing lines.
隶书 (Clerical Script):
隶书中“山”的线条变得扁平、宽大，三竖的末端呈横挑，结构更加方正。 In Clerical Script, '山' became flatter and wider, with the ends of the three vertical lines sweeping outward to form a broader, more angular structure.
楷书 (现代) (Regular Script (Modern)):
现代楷书中的“山”由一竖三折和两短竖组成，结构紧凑，便于书写，已经成为标准汉字字形。 In modern Regular Script, '山' is written with a central vertical stroke with three turns and two shorter side strokes, creating a compact structure suited for standardized writing.

常用词语和例句 (Common Words & Examples)

高山 (high mountain)

gāoshān

他们一起爬上了高山。

Pinyin: Tāmen yīqǐ pá shàngle gāoshān.

Eng: They climbed the high mountain together.

火山 (volcano)

huǒshān

火山喷发时景象十分壮观。

Pinyin: Huǒshān pēnfā shí jǐngxiàng shífēn zhuàngguān.

Eng: The scene is very spectacular when a volcano erupts.

山水 (landscape; mountains and rivers)

shānshuǐ

中国山水画闻名世界。

Pinyin: Zhōngguó shānshuǐ huà wénmíng shìjiè.

Eng: Chinese landscape paintings are famous worldwide.

相关成语 (Related Idioms)

愚公移山 Yúgōng yí shān

Meaning: The old man moves mountains; perseverance can overcome great obstacles.

相传古代有一位名叫愚公的老人，家前有两座大山挡住了出路，他坚持不懈带领家人挖山搬土，最终感动天帝派神仙帮助他移走了大山。 According to legend, there was an old man called Yu Gong in ancient times. Two huge mountains blocked the way to his home, so he persisted in digging and moving soil with his family. Eventually, the gods were moved by his perseverance and sent immortals to help remove the mountains.

多语言翻译 (核心释义) (Translations (Core Meaning))

  • French: montagne
  • German: Berg
  • Spanish: montaña
  • Italian: montagna
  • Portuguese: montanha
  • Russian: гора
  • Arabic: جبل
  • Persian: کوه
  • Dutch: berg
  • Polish: góra
  • Vietnamese: núi
  • Ukrainian: гора

视频学习资源 (Video Learning Resources)

通过以下链接在热门视频网站搜索 "山" 的更多讲解：

Search for more explanations of "山" on popular video sites:

网络参考 (Web References for "山") ()

网络内容摘要 (Web Content Summary):

山是汉字中表示“mountain”的基本字，核心含义为自然界中高耸的山峰或高地。山 (shān) is a basic Chinese character meaning "mountain" or "hill." Its core meaning refers to elevated natural landforms.

该字起源于象形字。甲骨文和金文的“山”字形象地描绘了山峰的起伏和形状。The character comes from a pictograph. In oracle bone and bronze inscriptions, "山" visually represents the outline and peaks of mountains.

文化背景：山在中国文化中象征着坚定与崇高，也常用来比喻伟大、稳定的事物。Cultural note: In Chinese culture, mountains symbolize firmness and grandeur, often serving as metaphors for greatness or stability.

  • 常用词语：山水 (landscape)，高山 (high mountain)，爬山 (climb a mountain)。 Common words: 山水 (scenery), 高山 (high mountain), 爬山 (to climb a mountain).
  • 成语：愚公移山（“The Foolish Old Man Moves Mountains”——比喻坚持不懈）。 Idiom: 愚公移山 ("The Foolish Old Man Moves Mountains" – a metaphor for perseverance).

易混点：“山”本义单一，字形结构简单，较少与其它字混淆。 Potential confusion: "山" has a straightforward meaning and simple structure, so it is rarely confused with other characters.

汉字"山"的起源、演变过程-汉字字源辞典

汉字字源辞典收录7747条汉字词条，基本涵盖了常见汉字的字源解析，是汉字研究的必备工具。

山字形演变字源_汉字「山」_山的甲骨文_山的金文_金文编_甲骨文编

甲骨文之，像山峰起落的樣子，純屬象形。金文三例，都像山形，只是第一例少了起落到底的線條，第二例中空填實，第三例用下圓上尖的形體表現，都不失為山的模樣。篆文，應最似金文第三例。字經隸書，體變作，全據篆文之形，而 則省略山峰下方起落之線，為楷書所沿。以上諸形，都據具體 ...

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