谷

Pinyin: gǔ | Core Meaning: valley, ravine; (in ancient usage) grain

基本信息 (Basic Information)

含义与用法 (Meanings & Usage)

中文核心释义 (Core Chinese Meaning): 山谷，低洼地带；粮食（古义）

英文核心释义 (Core English Meaning): valley, ravine; (in ancient usage) grain

“谷”在现代汉语中主要用于表示“山谷”，即两山之间的低洼地形。现代很少用作“粮食”。在一些固定词语如“稻谷”中仍有“粮食”之义。还可用于地名和比喻。 In modern Chinese, '谷' mostly means 'valley', a low area between mountains. Its ancient meaning of 'grain' is mainly preserved in compound words like '稻谷' (rice grain). It is also used in place names or metaphorically.

象形意义 / 为何这么写 (Pictographic Meaning / Writing Rationale)

“谷”字为象形字，下方代表山间的凹地，上方三点象征水流，整体描绘两山夹一溪的地貌，是自然界“山谷”形象的直观表现。'谷' is a pictograph, with the lower part representing the hollow between mountains and the three dots on top symbolizing water flow. The whole character vividly depicts a valley, a landform with mountains enclosing a stream.

文言文释义 (Classical Chinese Meaning)

在文言文中，“谷”既可表示山谷，也常作“粮食、谷物”义，用法较现代更丰富。In Classical Chinese, '谷' can refer to both 'valley' and 'grain/cereal'. Its scope was broader than in modern usage.

深入学习 (In-depth Study)

字源故事 (Origin Story)

“谷”字最早出现在甲骨文中，下部像一个地形的开口，上部分像水从高处流下，指山间低洼的地方。后来也引申为盛产粮食的“谷物”，但在现代主要指地貌。The character '谷' first appeared in oracle bone script. The lower part resembles the opening of a landform, while the top part depicts water flowing down, indicating a low area between mountains. Later, it was also extended to mean 'grain', but nowadays it mainly refers to a landform.

字形演变 (Character Evolution)

甲骨文 (Oracle Bone Script):
甲骨文中的“谷”像一个山谷的形状，中间凹陷，顶部有如水流一般的刻画，象征两山夹水而成的低谷。 In oracle bone script, '谷' looks like the shape of a valley, with a depressed center and markings resembling water on top, symbolizing a low space between two mountains with a stream.
金文 (Bronze Inscription):
金文的“谷”形体更加圆润，结构上保持了两山之间有水的象征，整体描摹仍以山谷为核心。 In bronze inscriptions, '谷' becomes rounder but maintains the idea of water between two mountains, still focusing on the valley image.
小篆 (Small Seal Script):
小篆时期“谷”字形更为规范，对称，顶部三点象流水，中空部分突显低洼地形。 In the Small Seal Script, '谷' has a more regular and symmetrical form. The three dots on top show water streaming, and the hollow part highlights the valley.
隶书 (Clerical Script):
隶书中“谷”字笔画转折更为方正，结构趋于平衡，便于书写，但整体形意未变。 In Clerical Script, '谷' becomes more angular and balanced, making it easier to write, though the essential pictographic idea remains.
楷书 (现代) (Regular Script (Modern)):
现代楷书中的“谷”结构规整，笔画分明，是目前通用的标准写法。 The modern Regular Script for '谷' is structured and clear, representing the standard form used today.

常用词语和例句 (Common Words & Examples)

山谷 (mountain valley)

shān gǔ

他们在山谷中发现了一条小溪。

Pinyin: Tāmen zài shāngǔ zhōng fāxiànle yì tiáo xiǎoxī.

Eng: They found a small stream in the valley.

稻谷 (rice grain (unhusked))

dào gǔ

农民们正在收割稻谷。

Pinyin: Nóngmínmen zhèngzài shōugē dàogǔ.

Eng: The farmers are harvesting rice grains.

谷物 (cereal; grain crop)

gǔ wù

谷物是人类重要的粮食来源。

Pinyin: Gǔwù shì rénlèi zhòngyào de liángshí láiyuán.

Eng: Cereals are an important source of food for humans.

相关成语 (Related Idioms)

山穷水尽疑无路，柳暗花明又一村 shān qióng shuǐ jìn yí wú lù, liǔ àn huā míng yòu yī cūn

Meaning: When one feels at a dead end, a new opportunity may suddenly appear.

出自宋代陆游《游山西村》，表达在山谷深处觉得无路可走时，转角又见美好景色，比喻处境困难时希望还在前方。 From the Song Dynasty poet Lu You's poem, this idiom describes how, upon reaching a dead end in a valley, a beautiful scene suddenly appears, symbolizing hope emerging when facing difficulties.

多语言翻译 (核心释义) (Translations (Core Meaning))

  • French: vallée
  • German: Tal
  • Spanish: valle
  • Italian: valle
  • Portuguese: vale
  • Russian: долина
  • Arabic: وادي
  • Persian: دره
  • Dutch: vallei
  • Polish: dolina
  • Vietnamese: thung lũng
  • Ukrainian: долина

视频学习资源 (Video Learning Resources)

通过以下链接在热门视频网站搜索 "谷" 的更多讲解：

Search for more explanations of "谷" on popular video sites:

网络参考 (Web References for "谷") ()

网络内容摘要 (Web Content Summary):

核心含义与字源：“谷”是一个会意字，最早见于商代的甲骨文。其字形上部像水流，下部像两山之间的通道，表示两山夹着的深地或有水流过的地方，本义为“山谷”（valley）。Core meaning & origin: "谷" is an ideogram, first seen in oracle bone script from the Shang Dynasty. The top part represents flowing water, and the bottom shows a passage between two mountains. Its primary meaning is "valley".

文化与字形演变：甲骨文和金文的造型都体现了自然地貌。小篆以后，"谷"的形体逐渐变得规范和简化，但核心意象未变。古文中常用来形容江河汇聚众多山谷的水流（如《淮南子》“江河所以长百谷者，能下之也”）。Culture & evolution: The character evolved from oracle bone and bronze inscriptions—both representing the landscape. Later scripts regularized the form but kept the essential imagery. In classical texts, "谷" often refers to streams converging from many valleys.

常见用法与易混点： 除了“山谷”，"谷"还在成语“进退维谷”（进退都陷入困境，in a predicament）中用作“困境”的比喻。同时，“谷”也作汉字部首。注意不要与表示粮食的“谷”（gǔ，grain）混淆，虽然写法相同但含义和用法不同。Common usage & confusion: Apart from "valley", "谷" appears in the idiom "进退维谷" (to be in a dilemma or predicament). It is also a Chinese radical. Be careful not to confuse it with the homograph meaning "grain" (also pronounced "gǔ"), though the character is written the same, the meanings and context differ.

  • 常用词： 山谷（mountain valley）、河谷（river valley）Common words: 山谷 (mountain valley), 河谷 (river valley)
  • 成语： 进退维谷（左右为难）Idiom: 进退维谷 (to be in a dilemma)

提示：如需了解粮食之“谷”，请查阅相关词典，两者含义及语境有明显区别。Note: For the meaning "grain", consult a dictionary. The two senses differ in context and usage.

细说汉字：谷 - 漢文化 - 通識 - 漢典

会意字。甲骨文字形下面像谷口，上面像水流出。甲骨文上边是两个八字，下 边是口形。金文与甲骨文略同。小篆字形规整匀称，下面八字变形。隶书、楷书笔画化，近于金文。本义是两山之间的水流。《淮南子·说山》：" 江河所以长百谷者，能下之也。

谷（汉语文字）_百度百科

谷（拼音：gǔ 、yù），汉语一级通用规范汉字（常用字）。"谷"始见于商代甲骨文，属会意字，古字形上部像水流出的样子，下部像两山间的夹道或流水道。"谷"的本义指山谷，即两山间狭长而有出口的地带或水道。山谷内不便于行走，故又比喻为困境，如：进退维谷。"谷"是汉字部首之一 ...

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