涂

Pinyin: tú | Core Meaning: To paint, smear, daub, apply (liquid or paste); also means mud, road, or surface coating.

基本信息 (Basic Information)

含义与用法 (Meanings & Usage)

中文核心释义 (Core Chinese Meaning): 涂，意为涂抹、涂写，也指泥土、道路，或泛指表面覆盖。

英文核心释义 (Core English Meaning): To paint, smear, daub, apply (liquid or paste); also means mud, road, or surface coating.

“涂”常用作动词，指把液体、粉末等均匀地抹在表面上，如“涂色”“涂药”。也可以作为名词，表示泥土、道路，如“途”是其本字，后分化为“涂”和“途”。在语境中需区别用法。 '涂' is mainly used as a verb, meaning to apply or smear liquids or powders onto a surface (e.g., paint, apply medicine). It can also function as a noun referring to mud or road, though this usage is less common in modern Chinese. The character '途' (meaning route, path) derives from '涂'; in context, care should be taken to distinguish their different usages.

象形意义 / 为何这么写 (Pictographic Meaning / Writing Rationale)

“涂”左边为“氵”（表示与水相关），右边“余”作声旁兼表意（本意为多余，引申为覆盖）。整体结构表达了用带有水的物质（如泥浆）覆盖在物体表面，即涂抹的动作。The left side of '涂' is the 'water' radical, indicating a relation to water. The right side is '余', which serves as the phonetic component and suggests the idea of surplus or covering. Together, the structure represents the action of covering a surface with a water-based substance, i.e., smearing or painting.

文言文释义 (Classical Chinese Meaning)

在文言文中，“涂”常用作‘道路’‘泥土’之义，也有‘涂抹’的意思。与现代意义较为接近。In Classical Chinese, '涂' often meant 'road' or 'mud', and also 'to apply or smear'. Similar to modern meaning.

深入学习 (In-depth Study)

字源故事 (Origin Story)

“涂”最初与“途”同源，甲骨文和金文形体均象道路、泥土的形状，引申为道路、行走之义。后来加“氵”旁用于表示与水（如泥浆、涂抹）相关的动作，逐渐有了“涂抹”“涂写”等现代含义。The character '涂' originally shared its origin with '途', with early oracle bone and bronze inscriptions resembling the shape of a road or mud, implying the idea of roads or traveling. Later, the water radical (氵) was added to signify actions involving water or mud, and over time, it evolved to mean 'to smear' or 'to apply'.

字形演变 (Character Evolution)

甲骨文 (Oracle Bone Script):
甲骨文中的“涂”形似道路、分叉，强调行走、路途之意。 In Oracle Bone Script, the form of '涂' resembled a road with branches, focusing on the meaning of 'road' or 'journey'.
金文 (Bronze Inscription):
金文中“涂”结构更为规整，仍表现为道路或泥土形象，含有行走的意思。 In Bronze Inscription, the structure of '涂' became more regular, still symbolizing a road or mud, maintaining the sense of journey or movement.
小篆 (Small Seal Script):
小篆中“涂”加上了“氵”旁，才与水有关，并逐渐与涂抹、泥浆等意义相关。 In Small Seal Script, the water radical '氵' was added, linking the character to water and, subsequently, to meanings such as smearing or mud.
隶书 (Clerical Script):
隶书中的“涂”已基本定型，结构更加分明，便于书写。 In Clerical Script, '涂' became standardized in structure and more suitable for writing.
楷书 (现代) (Regular Script (Modern)):
现代楷书中的“涂”由“氵”和“余”组成，显示涂抹、覆盖之义。 In modern Regular Script, '涂' is composed of the 'water' radical and '余', visually corresponding to the concept of smearing or covering.

常用词语和例句 (Common Words & Examples)

涂色 (to color, to paint)

tú sè

小朋友喜欢在画纸上涂色。

Pinyin: Xiǎopéngyǒu xǐhuan zài huàzhǐ shàng tú sè.

Eng: Children like to color on drawing paper.

涂抹 (to smear; to daub; to apply (ointment, etc.))

tú mǒ

医生让他在伤口上涂抹药膏。

Pinyin: Yīshēng ràng tā zài shāngkǒu shàng tú mǒ yàogāo.

Eng: The doctor told him to apply ointment to the wound.

涂鸦 (graffiti; doodle)

tú yā

墙上有很多五颜六色的涂鸦。

Pinyin: Qiáng shàng yǒu hěn duō wǔyánliùsè de tú yā.

Eng: There are many colorful graffiti drawings on the wall.

相关成语 (Related Idioms)

涂脂抹粉 tú zhī mǒ fěn

Meaning: to wear heavy makeup; to doll up

“涂脂抹粉”原本指在脸上涂油脂和粉末，使容貌更美丽，现常用来形容化浓妆或打扮过度。 '涂脂抹粉' originally referred to applying fat and powder to the face to enhance beauty. Now, it's often used to describe wearing heavy makeup or excessive dressing up.

多语言翻译 (核心释义) (Translations (Core Meaning))

  • French: peindre, enduire, badigeonner; boue, route
  • German: streichen, schmieren, auftragen; Schlamm, Weg
  • Spanish: pintar, untar, aplicar; barro, carretera
  • Italian: spalmare, dipingere, cospargere; fango, strada
  • Portuguese: pintar, espalhar, aplicar; lama, estrada
  • Russian: мазать, наносить; грязь, дорога
  • Arabic: يدهن، يلطخ، يطلي؛ طين، طريق
  • Persian: مالیدن، پخش کردن؛ گل، جاده
  • Dutch: smeren, verven, aanbrengen; modder, weg
  • Polish: smarować, malować; błoto, droga
  • Vietnamese: bôi, quét, sơn; bùn, đường
  • Ukrainian: мазати, наносити; бруд, дорога

视频学习资源 (Video Learning Resources)

通过以下链接在热门视频网站搜索 "涂" 的更多讲解：

Search for more explanations of "涂" on popular video sites:

网络参考 (Web References for "涂") ()

网络内容摘要 (Web Content Summary):

“涂”（拼音：tú/chú）是汉语的常用字。"涂" (pinyin: tú/chú) is a commonly used Chinese character.

  • 核心含义：“涂”本义指河滩、海滩上的泥或泥巴。由此引申为“道路”、“路途”以及“涂抹”等意思。 Core meaning: The original meaning of "涂" is the mud found on riverbanks or seashores. It also extends to mean "road," "path," and "to smear/spread."

  • 象形起源与文化：“涂”最早见于商朝文字。其字形与湿泥、道路有关，反映了早期人类与环境的联系。 Pictographic origin and culture: First appeared in Shang Dynasty scripts; the character depicts mud or pathways, reflecting ancient people's relationship with their environment.

  • 用法与易混淆点：“涂”（tú）常用，含义丰富。与“途”音近且义近，现代“途”多用于“道路、路途”，而“涂”更侧重“涂抹”、“泥泞”之意。另外，“涂”有罕见读音“chú”，意为扫除（通“除”）。 Usage and confusions: "涂" (tú) is often confused with "途" (tú, meaning road), but "途" is now used for "road" or "journey" in modern Chinese, while "涂" is more about "to smear" or "mud." Also, "涂" can rarely be read as "chú," meaning "to eliminate."

  • 常见词语/成语：生灵涂炭（形容百姓受苦）、滩涂（指河滩、海滩的泥地）、涂抹（指涂、擦）等。 Common words/idioms: 生灵涂炭 (people in misery), 滩涂 (mud flats), 涂抹 (to paint/smear), etc.

注意：现代生活中“涂”与“途”容易混用，需结合语境辨析。Note: In modern use, "涂" and "途" are often confused; check the context to differentiate.

汉字"涂"的起源、演变过程-汉字字源辞典

本义后由"途"代替（涂次 涂道 涂巷 涂轨 涂迹 涂辙） 涂 ，度也，人所由得通度也。——《释名 • 释道》 明乎坦 涂 。——《庄子 • 秋水》 涂 巷之人也。——《荀子 • 劝学》 ②本义，名词：河滩海滩上被渔民踩踏成胶状的淤泥。 涂炭 / 海涂 滩涂 生灵涂炭

涂（汉字）_百度百科

涂（读作：tú）是汉语通用规范一级汉字（常用字）"涂"最早见于商朝文字。简体字"涂"有两种读音，读作"tú"时，本义是涂水，引申为道路、泥巴、门路等；读作"chú"时，通"除"，意思是扫除。涂有繁体作"塗"，读作"tú"，最早见于《说文》，本义是泥，泥巴，引申为粉刷物品 ...

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