基本信息 (Basic Information)
含义与用法 (Meanings & Usage)
中文核心释义 (Core Chinese Meaning): 几案、桌子，放东西的平台；案件、事情的记录或调查对象。
英文核心释义 (Core English Meaning): table, desk; case, legal case or record for investigation.
“案”在现代汉语中常见有两个主要用法：一是指“桌子”或“台子”，如“书案”；二是指“案件”或“事件”，如“刑事案件”、“立案调查”。常见搭配有“桌案”、“案件”、“档案”等。
'案' has two main modern usages: (1) as 'table' or 'desk', especially in formal or literary contexts (e.g., '书案' - writing desk); (2) as 'case' or 'legal case', as in '刑事案件' (criminal case), '立案' (to file a case). Common collocations include '桌案' (table/desk), '案件' (case), and '档案' (file/record).
象形意义 / 为何这么写 (Pictographic Meaning / Writing Rationale)
“案”字是会意字，由“安”（上面为屋顶，下面为女）和“木”组合而成，表示人在木制桌案下，寓意在安稳的环境下使用桌案，后来引申为桌子、平台，以及记录或处理案件之意。'案' is an associative compound character, combining '安' (a roof above, woman below) and '木' (wood), originally depicting a person at or under a wooden desk or table. It conveys the idea of using a table in a stable environment, and later extended to mean desk, platform, or a case to be handled or recorded.
文言文释义 (Classical Chinese Meaning)
文言文中“案”主要指几案、桌子，或用于“案件”“方案”等意义，与现代意义相近。In Classical Chinese, '案' mainly referred to tables/desks and, by extension, to cases or plans. Similar to modern meaning.
深入学习 (In-depth Study)
字源故事 (Origin Story)
“案”字最早见于甲骨文，由“木”与“安”组合而成。“木”指代木头，表示桌案由木材制成。“安”上面为“宀”代表屋顶，下面为“女”，体现人在桌案前静坐，寓意安定、安置某物。因此，“案”原意为台、桌子，用于承载、摆放、记录等。The character '案' first appeared in oracle bone script. It is composed of '木' (wood), indicating the table was made of wood, and '安', where the top '宀' symbolizes a roof, and the bottom '女' (woman) shows a person sitting calmly, representing peace and stability. Thus, '案' originally meant 'table' or 'desk', a platform to place things, record events, or settle matters upon.
字形演变 (Character Evolution)
甲骨文 (Oracle Bone Script):
甲骨文中“案”的字形通常以“木”作为基础，在木的上方搭配类似“宀”和“女”的图形，整体结构简单，表示一个有顶盖的木架或平台。
In Oracle Bone Script, '案' consisted of a 'wood' base with a structure resembling '宀' (roof) and '女' (woman) on top, depicting a simple wooden frame with a covering, representing a table or platform.
金文 (Bronze Inscription):
金文中“案”的形态比甲骨文更为规整，“木”作为根基，上方结构有所简化，但仍保留顶盖与承载物的意象。
In Bronze Inscription, the form of '案' became more regularized. The 'wood' remained at the base, with the upper structure simplified but still suggesting a covered platform or a tabletop.
小篆 (Small Seal Script):
小篆中的“案”结构分明，左右对称，“木”字清晰，上方的“安”字变细长，线条流畅，整体观感优美。
In Small Seal Script, the structure of '案' is clear and symmetrical; the 'wood' is distinct at the bottom, and the '安' on top becomes slender with smooth lines, making the overall form elegant.
隶书 (Clerical Script):
隶书中的“案”开始趋近现代汉字形体，“木”和“安”分别排列，上下分明，笔画转折更加明显。
In Clerical Script, '案' approaches the modern character shape. '木' and '安' are arranged clearly from bottom to top, and the strokes have more distinct turns.
楷书 (现代) (Regular Script (Modern)):
现代楷书“案”字结构稳定，上为“安”，下为“木”，横平竖直，笔画规范，易于辨认。
In modern Regular Script, '案' has a stable structure with '安' on top and '木' below. The strokes are straight and standardized, making it easy to recognize.
常用词语和例句 (Common Words & Examples)
案件 (case (especially legal or criminal case))
警方正在调查这起案件。
Eng: The police are investigating this case.
书案 (writing desk)
他坐在书案前写作业。
Eng: He is sitting at the writing desk doing homework.
立案 (to file a case, to open a case for investigation)
检察院已经立案调查该事件。
Eng: The procuratorate has already filed a case to investigate the incident.
相关成语 (Related Idioms)
案牍劳形
Meaning: to be worn out by paperwork
“案牍”指公文、文书，“劳形”指劳累身体。这个成语形容官吏处理事务、文案过多，导致身心疲惫。出自《晋书·陆机传》：“案牍劳形，乃以为常。”
'案牍' means official documents or paperwork, and '劳形' means physical exhaustion. This idiom describes officials being physically and mentally worn out by endless paperwork. It originates from the Jin Shu: '案牍劳形，乃以为常.'
多语言翻译 (核心释义) (Translations (Core Meaning))
- French: table, bureau ; dossier (juridique), affaire
- German: Tisch, Schreibtisch; Fall (juristisch), Akte
- Spanish: mesa, escritorio; caso (legal), expediente
- Italian: tavolo, scrivania; caso (giudiziario), fascicolo
- Portuguese: mesa, escrivaninha; caso, processo (legal)
- Russian: стол, письменный стол; дело (юридическое), дело
- Arabic: طاولة، مكتب؛ قضية (قانونية)، ملف
- Persian: میز، میز تحریر؛ پرونده (حقوقی)، قضیه
- Dutch: tafel, bureau; zaak (juridisch), dossier
- Polish: stół, biurko; sprawa (prawna), akta
- Vietnamese: bàn, bàn làm việc; vụ án (pháp lý), hồ sơ
- Ukrainian: стіл, письмовий стіл; справа (юридична), досьє
视频学习资源 (Video Learning Resources)
通过以下链接在热门视频网站搜索 "案" 的更多讲解：
Search for more explanations of "案" on popular video sites:
- 在 Bilibili.com 搜索 "案 字源 说文解字" (Search on Bilibili)
- 在 YouTube.com 搜索 "案 character origin etymology" (Search on YouTube)
网络参考 (Web References for "案") ()
网络搜索信息待获取。Web search information pending.
更多图片 (案 More Images) ()
