基本信息 (Basic Information)

含义与用法 (Meanings & Usage)

中文核心释义 (Core Chinese Meaning): 厚重,真诚,诚恳,尊重;也指一种古代青铜礼器。

英文核心释义 (Core English Meaning): honest and sincere; thick; to respect; also refers to a kind of ancient bronze ritual vessel.

“敦”在现代汉语中较少单独使用,常见于书面语或成语,多用来形容为人敦厚、诚恳。例如“敦厚”,“敦实”。“敦”作为名词时也指古代的礼器。 '敦' is now rarely used alone in everyday Chinese, mainly appearing in written language or idioms to describe someone as honest, sincere, and kind (e.g., '敦厚', '敦实'). As a noun, it refers to an ancient bronze ritual vessel.

象形意义 / 为何这么写 (Pictographic Meaning / Writing Rationale)

“敦”由“屯”和“攴”组成,初象器皿形状,表示厚重、端庄之意。后因器物用以礼敬,引申为诚恳、尊重。'敦' is composed of '屯' and '攴', originally picturing a vessel, symbolizing heaviness and dignity. As such vessels were used in rituals, the meaning extended to sincerity and respect.

文言文释义 (Classical Chinese Meaning)

在文言文中,“敦”多指厚重、诚恳,用法与现代意义相近。In Classical Chinese, '敦' mostly means thick, sincere, or honest; similar to modern meaning.

深入学习 (In-depth Study)

字源故事 (Origin Story)

“敦”最早见于甲骨文,早期字形类似礼器的形状,因此“敦”最初指一种用于祭祀的青铜器皿,后来引申为厚重、诚恳等含义。The character '敦' first appeared in oracle bone script; its early form resembled the shape of a ritual vessel, so '敦' originally referred to a type of bronze sacrificial vessel, later extended to mean honest, sincere, and respectful.

字形演变 (Character Evolution)

甲骨文 (Oracle Bone Script):
甲骨文中的“敦”像一个器皿的俯视图,形状简略,突出中间部分。 In Oracle Bone Script, '敦' looked like a top view of a vessel, with a simple shape emphasizing the central part.
金文 (Bronze Inscription):
金文中的“敦”形象更加丰满,轮廓变得圆润,相比甲骨文更像实际的礼器。 '敦' in Bronze Script appears fuller and rounder, closely resembling an actual ancient ritual vessel compared to its oracle bone form.
小篆 (Small Seal Script):
小篆中的“敦”结构趋于规范,线条圆润,便于书写,形体初现现代雏形。 In Small Seal Script, '敦' becomes more regularized, with rounded lines and structure easier for writing, gradually forming its modern shape.
隶书 (Clerical Script):
隶书中“敦”的笔画趋于平直,结构更加方正,已接近现代汉字的形态。 In Clerical Script, '敦' undergoes straightened strokes and more squarish structure, closely approaching the modern character shape.
楷书 (现代) (Regular Script (Modern)):
现代楷书的“敦”结构紧凑,笔画丰富,成为当前通用的写法。 In modern Regular Script, '敦' is compact with rich strokes, representing the standard form used today.

常用词语和例句 (Common Words & Examples)

敦厚 (honest and kind; sincere and tolerant)

dūnhòu

他为人敦厚,大家都很信任他。

Pinyin: Tā wéirén dūnhòu, dàjiā dōu hěn xìnrèn tā.

Eng: He is honest and kind, and everyone trusts him.

敦促 (to urge; to press; to push someone to act)

dūncù

老师多次敦促我们按时完成作业。

Pinyin: Lǎoshī duō cì dūncù wǒmen ànshí wánchéng zuòyè.

Eng: The teacher has repeatedly urged us to finish our homework on time.

敦实 (sturdy and solid; robust)

dūnshí

这个孩子身体很敦实。

Pinyin: Zhège háizi shēntǐ hěn dūnshí.

Eng: This child is very sturdy and solid.

相关成语 (Related Idioms)

敦本务实 dūn běn wù shí

Meaning: to value fundamentals and focus on practical matters

“敦本务实”强调注重根本,讲求实际,是古人提倡为学为政应有的态度。 '敦本务实' emphasizes valuing the fundamentals and being practical, representing the ancient attitude towards learning and governance.

多语言翻译 (核心释义) (Translations (Core Meaning))

  • French: honnête, sincère; massif; respect; nom d'un vieux vase rituel
  • German: ehrlich, aufrichtig; massiv; respektieren; antikes Ritualgefäß
  • Spanish: honesto, sincero; sólido; respetar; antiguo recipiente ritual
  • Italian: onesto, sincero; robusto; rispettare; antico vaso rituale
  • Portuguese: honesto, sincero; maciço; respeitar; vaso ritual antigo
  • Russian: честный, искренний; массивный; уважать; древний ритуальный сосуд
  • Arabic: صادق، مخلص؛ ضخم؛ يحترم؛ إناء طقسي قديم
  • Persian: صادق، صمیمی؛ سنگین؛ احترام گذاشتن؛ ظرف آیینی باستانی
  • Dutch: eerlijk, oprecht; massief; respecteren; oud ritueel vat
  • Polish: uczciwy, szczery; masywny; szanować; starożytne naczynie rytualne
  • Vietnamese: trung thực, chân thành; vững chắc; tôn trọng; bình nghi lễ cổ đại
  • Ukrainian: чесний, щирий; масивний; поважати; стародавня ритуальна посудина

视频学习资源 (Video Learning Resources)

网络参考 (Web References for "敦") ()

网络内容摘要 (Web Content Summary):

核心含义与字源:“敦”是一个带有厚重文化底蕴的汉字,核心本义为“厚道、诚恳、朴实”。古文字形演变显示,其字形与尊重、安定、互助等美德相关联。 Core meaning & origin: The Chinese character “敦” primarily means honesty, sincerity, and simplicity. Its ancient pictographic origin suggests associations with virtues such as respect, stability, and mutual assistance.

常见用法与常用词语: “敦”多用于形容人品,如“敦厚”(honest and kind)指为人厚道敦实。成语如“敦宗睦族”表示家族和睦、亲情团结。此外,“敦”也可作为姓氏。 Common usage & words: Often used to describe personality, for instance, “敦厚” means honest and sincere. The idiom “敦宗睦族” refers to familial harmony. “敦” is also used as a family name.

  • 易混淆点: “敦”有时与“墩”(意为“基座、坯子”)在发音或书写上易混,但词义区分明显。 Note on confusion: “敦” is sometimes confused with “墩” (meaning base or block) due to similarity in sound or writing, but their meanings are distinct.
  • 文化背景: 在古代,提倡“敦厚之风”,强调待人接物要诚实、淳朴、团结互助,这是中国传统伦理的重要内容。 Cultural context: In ancient times, “敦厚” was highly valued, advocating honesty, simplicity, and solidarity in social interactions; it’s a key virtue in traditional Chinese ethics.

整体来看,“敦”字不仅用于日常用语,也深刻体现了中华文化中对美德和人际和谐的推崇。 In summary, “敦” is used commonly but also deeply embodies Chinese cultural appreciation for virtue and social harmony.

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