奠

Pinyin: diàn | Core Meaning: to set, to place (often offerings at a ritual); to pay respects to the deceased; to establish or lay a foundation.

基本信息 (Basic Information)

含义与用法 (Meanings & Usage)

中文核心释义 (Core Chinese Meaning): 安放，摆放（多指祭品）；祭奠，祭祀死者；确立，确定基础等。

英文核心释义 (Core English Meaning): to set, to place (often offerings at a ritual); to pay respects to the deceased; to establish or lay a foundation.

“奠”主要用于祭祀或追悼活动，如“奠酒”、“奠祭”、“奠基”。日常生活中比较书面，多用于正式或庄重场合。 ‘奠’ is mainly used in contexts related to rituals, memorials, or paying respect to the deceased, such as in the words ‘奠酒’ (libation), ‘奠祭’ (offering), or ‘奠基’ (laying a foundation). It is formal, more common in written or ceremonial contexts.

象形意义 / 为何这么写 (Pictographic Meaning / Writing Rationale)

“奠”字的上部是“丰”，象征供品或祭品；下部为“正”，有安放、定位之意。整体表示将祭品端端正正地摆放在特定的位置，以祭奠祖先或神灵。此字含有庄重祭祀、确立根基等意义。The upper part of '奠' is '丰', symbolizing offerings; the lower part is '正', meaning to set or position. The whole character depicts placing offerings properly in a fixed spot for honoring ancestors or gods, thus extending to meanings of solemn ceremony and laying foundations.

文言文释义 (Classical Chinese Meaning)

与现代意义相近，多用作祭祀、确立、安放之意。Similar to modern meaning, often used for rituals, to establish, or to set/position things.

深入学习 (In-depth Study)

字源故事 (Origin Story)

“奠”字最早见于甲骨文，上半部分为“丰”，代表祭品，下半部分为“人”或“正”，表示人进行祭祀，将祭品摆放在固定的位置上，是古代祭祀活动的重要动作。The character '奠' first appeared in oracle bone script. The upper part '丰' signifies offerings, while the lower part represents a person or the act of positioning, indicating a person setting offerings in place during a ritual—an important act in ancient ceremonial events.

字形演变 (Character Evolution)

甲骨文 (Oracle Bone Script):
甲骨文中“奠”多表现为上方的“丰”象征着祭品，下方有人形，表示献祭时安放物品的动作。 In oracle bone script, '奠' is depicted with '丰' (offerings) on top and a human shape below, symbolizing the act of placing offerings in rituals.
金文 (Bronze Inscription):
金文中“奠”结构更清晰，依然由上方的祭品，下方的人形或者正字组成，造型更加规整。 In bronze inscription, '奠' gains a clearer structure with offerings on top and a human or '正' component below, making the form more regular.
小篆 (Small Seal Script):
小篆时期，“奠”变得更为抽象，线条流畅，结构紧凑，上下分明。 In small seal script, '奠' becomes more abstract, with flowing lines and a compact, distinct top-bottom structure.
隶书 (Clerical Script):
隶书进一步简化字形，笔画横平竖直，更接近现代汉字形态。 The clerical script further simplifies the character; strokes become straighter and more horizontal/vertical, approaching the modern form.
楷书 (现代) (Regular Script (Modern)):
现代楷书中“奠”保持了上方‘丰’和下方‘正’的结构，造型端正，易于书写。 In modern regular script, '奠' retains the '丰' above and '正' below, with a square, upright appearance, easy to write.

常用词语和例句 (Common Words & Examples)

奠基 (to lay a foundation (for something); cornerstone ceremony)

diàn jī

新学校的建设正式奠基。

Pinyin: Xīn xuéxiào de jiànshè zhèngshì diànjī.

Eng: The construction of the new school was officially started with a foundation-laying ceremony.

祭奠 (to offer sacrifices to the deceased; to pay respects)

jì diàn

清明节时，人们会前往墓地祭奠祖先。

Pinyin: Qīngmíng jié shí, rénmen huì qiánwǎng mùdì jìdiàn zǔxiān.

Eng: During the Qingming Festival, people go to the cemetery to pay respects to their ancestors.

相关成语 (Related Idioms)

相关成语信息待补充。Related idiom information pending.

多语言翻译 (核心释义) (Translations (Core Meaning))

  • French: déposer (offrande), rendre hommage, établir
  • German: opfern, Aufstellen (z. B. Opfergaben), gründen
  • Spanish: ofrecer (ofrendas), rendir homenaje, establecer
  • Italian: deporre (offerte), onorare, stabilire
  • Portuguese: oferecer (ofertas rituais), prestar homenagem, estabelecer
  • Russian: возлагать (жертву), поминать, закладывать (основу)
  • Arabic: تقديم (قرابين)، إحياء الذكرى، تأسيس
  • Persian: نهادن (قربانی)، بزرگداشت کردن، بنیان‌گذاری
  • Dutch: offer aanbrengen, eer betonen, vestigen
  • Polish: składać ofiarę, oddawać cześć, ustanawiać
  • Vietnamese: dâng lễ vật, tưởng niệm, đặt nền móng
  • Ukrainian: принести жертву, вшанувати, закласти (основу)

视频学习资源 (Video Learning Resources)

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网络参考 (Web References for "奠") ()

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