牧

Pinyin: mù | Core Meaning: to herd (livestock), shepherd, to manage or govern

基本信息 (Basic Information)

含义与用法 (Meanings & Usage)

中文核心释义 (Core Chinese Meaning): 放牧家畜、管理牲畜的人；引申为管理、治理。

英文核心释义 (Core English Meaning): to herd (livestock), shepherd, to manage or govern

“牧”在现代汉语中常用于与家畜或草原相关的场景，如“牧牛”，“牧羊”。也可引申作“管理”，如“牧民”。日常口语多指放牧动作或与牧业相关职业。 In modern Chinese, '牧' is often used in contexts related to livestock or pastures, such as in 'mùniú' (herding cattle) or 'mùyáng' (herding sheep). It can also be extended to mean 'to manage', as in 'mùmín' (herdsman). In daily speech, it mainly refers to the act of herding or professions related to herding.

象形意义 / 为何这么写 (Pictographic Meaning / Writing Rationale)

“牧”是会意字，由“牛”（家畜）和“攵”（表示手持工具、行动）组成，体现了人用工具管控牛羊进行放牧的意思。'牧' is a compound ideogram, with '牛' (cattle) and '攵' (depicting action with a tool in hand), symbolizing the act of herding livestock by guiding and managing them.

文言文释义 (Classical Chinese Meaning)

与现代意义相近，主要指放牧牲畜，也指管理、治理。Similar to modern meaning; mainly refers to herding livestock, also to manage or govern.

深入学习 (In-depth Study)

字源故事 (Origin Story)

“牧”字最早见于甲骨文，由“牛”和“攵”组成，表示用手执工具赶牛羊，其本义是放牧牲畜。The character '牧' first appeared in oracle bone script, composed of '牛' (ox/cow) and '攵' (hand holding a stick/tool), depicting the act of herding livestock with a tool; its original meaning is to herd or graze animals.

字形演变 (Character Evolution)

甲骨文 (Oracle Bone Script):
甲骨文中“牧”字形较为简单，左边像牛头，右边为手持工具的形状，表达放牧之意。 In oracle bone script, '牧' had a simple form: the left resembled an ox’s head, while the right depicted a hand holding a tool, conveying the idea of herding.
金文 (Bronze Inscription):
金文中“牧”的结构更为清晰，牛和手工具的部分都更加具体，线条较粗，象形特征突出。 In bronze inscriptions, '牧' became clearer in structure; the parts for ox and hand/tool were more distinct and bold, with pronounced pictographic features.
小篆 (Small Seal Script):
小篆中“牧”字结构趋于统一，左为“牛”字，右为“攵”，字形修长流畅。 In small seal script, '牧' became more unified, with '牛' on the left and '攵' on the right, appearing slender and smooth.
隶书 (Clerical Script):
隶书中“牧”字横平竖直，结构方正，左侧“牛”和右侧“攵”更加简化。 In clerical script, '牧' adopted more straight and horizontal lines; the structure was square, and the components were further simplified.
楷书 (现代) (Regular Script (Modern)):
现代楷书中“牧”左为“牛”，右为“攵”，字形端正规范，易于识别和书写。 In modern regular script, '牧' clearly shows '牛' on the left and '攵' on the right. The character is standardized, easy to read and write.

常用词语和例句 (Common Words & Examples)

牧羊 (to herd sheep)

mù yáng

他每天清晨就去山上牧羊。

Pinyin: Tā měitiān qīngchén jiù qù shānshàng mùyáng.

Eng: He goes to the mountain to herd sheep every morning.

牧民 (herdsman; pastoralist)

mù mín

那里的牧民依靠草原养活家畜。

Pinyin: Nàlǐ de mùmín yīkào cǎoyuán yǎnghuó jiāchù.

Eng: The herdsmen there rely on the grasslands to raise their livestock.

牧场 (pasture; ranch)

mù chǎng

这个牧场养了很多牛和羊。

Pinyin: Zhège mùchǎng yǎng le hěn duō niú hé yáng.

Eng: This ranch raises many cattle and sheep.

相关成语 (Related Idioms)

相关成语信息待补充。Related idiom information pending.

多语言翻译 (核心释义) (Translations (Core Meaning))

  • French: paître, berger, élever du bétail
  • German: hüten, weiden, Viehhirte
  • Spanish: pastorear, pastor, cuidar ganado
  • Italian: pascolare, pastore, allevare bestiame
  • Portuguese: pastorear, pastor, criar gado
  • Russian: пасти, пастух, ухаживать за скотом
  • Arabic: يرعى، راعي، إدارة المواشي
  • Persian: دامداری کردن، چوپان، مدیریت دام
  • Dutch: hoeden, herder, vee beheren
  • Polish: paść, pasterz, hodować bydło
  • Vietnamese: chăn thả, người chăn gia súc, quản lý gia súc
  • Ukrainian: пасовище, пасти, пастух

视频学习资源 (Video Learning Resources)

通过以下链接在热门视频网站搜索 "牧" 的更多讲解：

Search for more explanations of "牧" on popular video sites:

网络参考 (Web References for "牧") ()

网络内容摘要 (Web Content Summary):

牧（拼音：mù）是常用汉字，本义为放养牲畜，如牛、羊，是“放牧”的意思。 牧 (pinyin: mù) is a common Chinese character, and its primary meaning is "to herd livestock," such as cattle and sheep.

此字源自商代甲骨文，字形像一只手拿棍棒驱赶牲畜，是会意字。 The character originated from oracle bone script in the Shang dynasty, pictographically showing a hand holding a stick to drive animals; it is an associative compound character.

“牧”还可引申为“管理”或“治理”。在古代，称“牧民”指管理百姓的人，并非现代意义上的“牧民”（herdsman, nomad）。 "牧" can also be extended to mean "to govern" or "to manage." In ancient times, "牧民" referred to administrators or rulers, not herdsmen as in modern usage.

  • 常见词语： 牧场（pasture, ranch）、牧羊（to herd sheep）、牧师（pastor, priest）。 Common words: 牧场 (pasture/ranch), 牧羊 (to herd sheep), 牧师 (pastor/priest).

  • 易混淆点：古汉语中“牧民”指管理者，与现代“牧民”有别。 Common confusion: In Classical Chinese, 牧民 ("to herd people") meant "administrator," different from its modern meaning ("herdsman," nomad).

成语或相关用法：如“良禽择木而栖，贤臣择主而牧”（意思是贤臣选择明主辅佐）。 Related idioms/usages: For example, “良禽择木而栖，贤臣择主而牧” (A wise vassal chooses a worthy ruler to serve).

牧（汉语文字）_百度百科

牧（拼音：mù）为汉语一级通用规范汉字（常用字）。此字初文见于商代甲骨文，其古字形像手持棍棒驱赶牲畜。本义指放养牲口引申指放牧的场地、郊外。牧在古代还有统治、管理的意思。古代的牧民指统治民众，与现代表示游牧民族的牧民不同。牧指管理者、统治者时，用作名词。

牧的解释|牧的意思|汉典"牧"字的基本解释 - 漢典

牧 mù 〈动〉 (1) (会意。 甲骨文字形。从牛，从攴( pū)，表示手拿棍棒牧牛(羊)。本义:放牧牲畜) (2) 同本义 [herd] 掌牧六牲。—— 《周礼·牧人》 谁扞牧圉。—— 《左传·僖公二十八年》 。 注: "牛曰牧。 周宣王 之牧正。 —— 《列子·黄帝》 。 注: "养禽兽之长也。 牧人乃梦。

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