潦

Pinyin: lǎo | Core Meaning: stagnant or accumulated water (after rain); shallow, widespread water; also implies being exhausted or withered.

基本信息 (Basic Information)

含义与用法 (Meanings & Usage)

中文核心释义 (Core Chinese Meaning): 积水，雨后地面积水；水流浅而广。也指枯槁、困乏。

英文核心释义 (Core English Meaning): stagnant or accumulated water (after rain); shallow, widespread water; also implies being exhausted or withered.

“潦”常用来描述雨后积水，如“雨潦”；也可作形容词，形容人疲惫，如“潦倒”。现代口语中多用于书面语或成语。 '潦' is often used to describe accumulated water after rain, as in 'yu lǎo' (flood or rainwater). It can also describe a person's exhaustion or decline, e.g., 'lǎo dǎo' (down and out). Today it is mostly found in written language, literary contexts, or set phrases.

象形意义 / 为何这么写 (Pictographic Meaning / Writing Rationale)

“潦”为形声字，左边‘氵’表示与水有关，右边‘尞’兼表音。整体结构表现水流广而浅、聚集不流之意。'潦' is a phono-semantic character, with '氵' indicating its connection to water, and '尞' providing the sound. The whole structure suggests water that spreads out and does not flow easily, as in stagnant or pooled water.

文言文释义 (Classical Chinese Meaning)

在文言文中，“潦”主要指地面积水或洪水之意，与现代意义相近。In Classical Chinese, '潦' mainly refers to accumulated or floodwater on the ground, similar to the modern meaning.

深入学习 (In-depth Study)

字源故事 (Origin Story)

“潦”字最早起源于表示水的象形文字，由“氵”表水意，“尞”为声旁。形声字结构体现其与水有关的含义。The character '潦' originated from pictographic characters for water. The '氵' radical indicates water, while '尞' provides the pronunciation. Its phono-semantic composition reflects its connection to water.

字形演变 (Character Evolution)

甲骨文 (Oracle Bone Script):
甲骨文中未见较早直接“潦”字，但水的表示用三点表示波纹，具象。 The precise character '潦' may not appear in oracle bone script, but the water radical appears as three dots suggesting ripples, using a pictographic approach.
金文 (Bronze Inscription):
金文中“潦”尚未正式成形，但与水有关的字体多以水波纹象征，结构趋于复杂。 In Bronze Inscriptions, the exact character '潦' had not fully formed, but water-related characters used wave patterns with increasingly complex structures.
小篆 (Small Seal Script):
小篆中“潦”已经基本定型，左为‘氵’表水，右为‘尞’作声旁，笔画圆转，结构对称。 In Small Seal Script, '潦' had taken on its standard form: '氵' (water) on the left, '尞' (phonetic component) on the right, with smoothly rounded lines and balanced structure.
隶书 (Clerical Script):
隶书中“潦”结构变得更为方正，笔画舒展，便于书写。 In Clerical Script, '潦' became more squared with broad, stretched strokes, making it easier to write.
楷书 (现代) (Regular Script (Modern)):
现代楷书中“潦”字形端正清晰，左为三点水，右为‘尞’，书写规范便于识别。 In modern Regular Script, '潦' is upright and clear: '氵' (three-dot water) on the left, '尞' on the right, standard and easy to recognize.

常用词语和例句 (Common Words & Examples)

雨潦 (rainwater accumulation; flood caused by heavy rain)

yǔ lǎo

昨夜大雨之后，田间低地积满了雨潦。

Pinyin: Zuó yè dà yǔ zhīhòu, tiánjiān dīdì jī mǎn le yǔ lǎo.

Eng: After last night's heavy rain, the low-lying fields were filled with rainwater.

潦倒 (down and out; in straitened circumstances)

lǎo dǎo

他因生活艰苦而潦倒不堪。

Pinyin: Tā yīn shēnghuó jiānkǔ ér lǎodǎo bùkān.

Eng: He was down and out due to the hardships of life.

相关成语 (Related Idioms)

潦倒穷困 lǎo dǎo qióng kùn

Meaning: in destitute and desperate straits

“潦倒穷困”常用来描述一个人生活贫苦、无助的状态，类似诗文中表达身世不顺、境遇不好。 '潦倒穷困' is often used to describe a person's harsh, impoverished situation, often appearing in poetry or prose to express an unfortunate life or adversity.

多语言翻译 (核心释义) (Translations (Core Meaning))

  • French: eau stagnante, flaque
  • German: stehendes Wasser, Wasserlache
  • Spanish: agua estancada, charco
  • Italian: acqua stagnante, pozzanghera
  • Portuguese: água parada, poça
  • Russian: стоячая вода, лужа
  • Arabic: ماء راكد، بركة ماء
  • Persian: آب راکد، گودال آب
  • Dutch: stilstaand water, plas
  • Polish: stojąca woda, kałuża
  • Vietnamese: nước đọng, vũng nước
  • Ukrainian: стояча вода, калюжа

视频学习资源 (Video Learning Resources)

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