督 🔊

网络内容摘要 (Web Content Summary):

督（拼音：dū）是一个常用汉字，核心意思为“监督、察看、督促”。督 (pinyin: dū) is a common Chinese character meaning “to supervise, inspect, or urge.”

• 象形起源： “督”最早见于甲骨文与战国文字。甲骨文字形像一只手持木桩立于地面，用木桩测太阳的影子，表示“观察、察看”的动作。后来演变中，字形中“日”变为“目”(眼睛)，与“叔”组合，表示“用眼观察”。 Pictographic Origin: In oracle bone script, “督” depicts a hand holding a stake on the ground to measure the sun’s shadow, symbolizing observation or inspection. In later scripts, the “sun” component was replaced with “eye” (目), indicating the action of watching or supervising.

• 引申与常用义： 除了“察看、监督”，还引申为“督促、管理、统领”，甚至可指“将军”或施以责罚。例如常见词语有“监督”(supervise)、"督促"(urge)、"总督"(governor, highest official)。 Common Meanings: Besides “inspect/supervise,” it also means “urge, manage, command,” and can refer to a military general or punisher. Common phrases include “监督” (supervise), “督促” (urge), and “总督” (governor).

• 易混淆点： “督”与“监”(jiān, supervise)意义和用法相近，但“督”多用于“行动上的管理和推动”，而“监”侧重“察看和控制”。 Common Confusions: “督” is similar in meaning to “监” (jiān, supervise), but “督” emphasizes active management or urging, while “监” leans toward observation and control.

• 常用词/成语： 督学(educational inspector)，督军(commander); 成语如“励精图治，亲临督战”（personally supervise a battle）。 Common Words/Idioms: For example, “督学” (educational inspector), “督军” (military commander), and idioms like “亲临督战” (personally supervise a battle).

小结： “督”的本义与“眼睛观察”紧密相关，现代广泛用于指“监督、管理、督促”等，与权力和管理密切相关。 Summary: The core idea of “督” relates to careful observation or supervision, and in modern usage, it is commonly associated with management, leadership, and urging actions.