基本信息 (Basic Information)
含义与用法 (Meanings & Usage)
中文核心释义 (Core Chinese Meaning): 竟然，表示出乎意料；完毕，结束。
英文核心释义 (Core English Meaning): actually; unexpectedly; to finish, to end.
“竟”主要用作副词，常用于“竟然”“究竟”等词中，表示出乎意料或强调结果。有时单独做动词用，表示结束、完成，但现代多用于书面或复合词中。
‘竟’ is mainly used as an adverb, often appearing in words like ‘竟然’ (actually, unexpectedly) or ‘究竟’ (after all). It expresses surprise or emphasizes a result. Sometimes it appears as a verb meaning ‘to finish’ or ‘to end’, but in modern Chinese, it's mostly seen in compounds or formal/written usage.
象形意义 / 为何这么写 (Pictographic Meaning / Writing Rationale)
‘竟’为会意字，上部‘音’代表声，下部‘儿’表示行走或人，组合表示‘走到尽头’或‘终了’。字形体现了事情发展到终点的意思。‘竟’ is an ideogrammic compound character. The upper part ‘音’ means sound, the lower part ‘儿’ means person or walking. Together, they suggest reaching the end point or conclusion, implying the meaning of ‘to end’ or ‘actually’.
文言文释义 (Classical Chinese Meaning)
文言文中‘竟’多表示‘结束’、‘完毕’、‘全部’等，另有‘竟然’之意。与现代意义相近。In Classical Chinese, ‘竟’ often means ‘to finish’, ‘to end’ or ‘all’; it also conveys the sense of ‘unexpectedly’. Similar to modern meaning.
深入学习 (In-depth Study)
字源故事 (Origin Story)
“竟”最早见于西周金文，本意是‘到尽头’，引申为‘终了’或‘结束’。后又用于表达出乎意料的语气。如小篆、隶书等时期逐渐定型为现在结构。‘竟’ first appeared in Western Zhou bronze inscriptions. Its original meaning was ‘to reach the end’, which extended to ‘to finish’ or ‘to conclude’. Later, it was also used to express a tone of surprise. During the Small Seal and Clerical Script periods, its structure became fixed in its modern form.
字形演变 (Character Evolution)
甲骨文 (Oracle Bone Script):
暂无发现‘竟’的甲骨文字形，最早见于金文。
No known form of ‘竟’ in Oracle Bone Script; earliest forms are seen in Bronze Inscriptions.
金文 (Bronze Inscription):
金文中的‘竟’由‘音’和‘儿’组成，表示‘走到尽头’，结构较为复杂，但已见出现在组合结构。
In Bronze Inscription, ‘竟’ is constructed from ‘音’ (sound) and ‘儿’ (child/foot), denoting ‘to reach the end’; the structure is already complex and combined.
小篆 (Small Seal Script):
小篆的‘竟’字形更规范，上部分为‘音’，下部分为‘儿’，上下逻辑分明。
In Small Seal Script, ‘竟’ became more standardized: the upper part is ‘音’, and the lower part ‘儿’, with clear separation.
隶书 (Clerical Script):
隶书时期‘竟’结构更加扁平化，笔画较为分明，便于书写。
In Clerical Script, the structure of ‘竟’ became more flattened and the strokes clearer, making it easier to write.
楷书 (现代) (Regular Script (Modern)):
现代楷书中‘竟’的字形与隶书大致相同，结构严谨，笔画分明，是今日通用的写法。
In modern Regular Script, the structure of ‘竟’ is similar to Clerical Script—tidy and with distinct strokes, which is the prevailing form today.
常用词语和例句 (Common Words & Examples)
竟然 (actually; unexpectedly)
他竟然忘了今天是我的生日。
Eng: He actually forgot that today is my birthday.
究竟 (after all; exactly; actually)
你究竟想说什么？
Eng: What exactly do you want to say?
相关成语 (Related Idioms)
始终如一
Meaning: consistent from beginning to end
“始终”即从开始到结束，“终”又作‘竟’，引申强调始终如一的态度和行为。常用来赞扬一个人坚持不懈。
‘始终’ means from the beginning to the end, and ‘终’ is related to ‘竟’, both indicating conclusion or completion. The idiom praises someone for being consistent and unwavering throughout.
多语言翻译 (核心释义) (Translations (Core Meaning))
- French: en fait ; surprenant ; finir
- German: tatsächlich; unerwartet; beenden
- Spanish: de hecho; inesperadamente; terminar
- Italian: in realtà; inaspettatamente; finire
- Portuguese: na verdade; inesperadamente; terminar
- Russian: на самом деле; неожиданно; закончить
- Arabic: في الواقع؛ بشكل غير متوقع؛ ينهي
- Persian: در واقع؛ غیرمنتظره؛ پایان دادن
- Dutch: eigenlijk; onverwachts; beëindigen
- Polish: właściwie; niespodziewanie; zakończyć
- Vietnamese: thực ra; bất ngờ; kết thúc
- Ukrainian: насправді; несподівано; завершити
视频学习资源 (Video Learning Resources)
通过以下链接在热门视频网站搜索 "竟" 的更多讲解：
Search for more explanations of "竟" on popular video sites:
- 在 Bilibili.com 搜索 "竟 字源 说文解字" (Search on Bilibili)
- 在 YouTube.com 搜索 "竟 character origin etymology" (Search on YouTube)
网络参考 (Web References for "竟") ()
网络搜索信息待获取。Web search information pending.
更多图片 (竟 More Images) ()
