学习汉字 "须" (xū) - Learn Chinese Character "须"

基本信息 (Basic Information)

含义与用法 (Meanings & Usage)

中文核心释义 (Core Chinese Meaning): （名）胡须、触须；（动）必须、需要。

英文核心释义 (Core English Meaning): beard; must; need

“须”常见于“胡须”“触须”表示动物或人的须毛。在作动词时，意为“需要、必须”，多见于正式或书面语，如“须知”。需注意“须（需要）”和“需”含义相近，但“需”更口语化。 '须' often refers to facial hair (beard, whiskers) or animal feelers/tentacles. As a verb, it means 'must' or 'need', mostly in formal or written Chinese (e.g., '须知', '必须'). Note that '须' (for 'need/must') is more formal and less common in speech than '需', which is more colloquial.

象形意义 / 为何这么写 (Pictographic Meaning / Writing Rationale)

“须”由“彡”（表示毛发、须毛）和“页”（表示头部）组成，象征头上的须毛下垂的样子，是会意字。'须' is a compound pictograph: '彡' denotes hair or whiskers, and '页' means 'head', together symbolizing hair growing from the face—beard/whisker. It is an associative compound character.

文言文释义 (Classical Chinese Meaning)

与现代意义相近，指胡须、触须，也引申为短时间和“必须、需要”之意。Similar to modern meaning: beard, whiskers, and also used figuratively for 'moment' (short time) and 'must/need'.

深入学习 (In-depth Study)

字源故事 (Origin Story)

“须”最早表示人的胡须或动物的须毛。本义指嘴边长出的细毛。甲骨文和金文中形似毛发下垂之状。后来引申为触须、须臾（短暂）、以及“必须、需要”之意。The character '须' originally referred to the beard or whiskers grown around the mouth, depicted as drooping fine hairs in oracle bone and bronze scripts. Later, its meaning extended to animal feelers, short durations ('须臾'), and also took on the meaning 'must' or 'need' in modern script.

字形演变 (Character Evolution)

甲骨文 (Oracle Bone Script):

甲骨文中“须”形状像人脸下垂的胡须，用线条表示嘴下有毛发。 In oracle bone script, '须' resembles a face with drooping hairs, lines under a mouth to depict beard.

金文 (Bronze Inscription):

金文中的“须”依然表现嘴下的胡须结构，更为圆润且线条丰富。 In bronze inscriptions, '须' still shows the beard under the mouth, with smoother and richer lines.

小篆 (Small Seal Script):

小篆将“须”字结构拉长，须毛描绘更加抽象，但轮廓分明。 In small seal script, the structure is elongated, the beard is more stylized but still clear in outline.

隶书 (Clerical Script):

隶书中“须”字变得笔画平直，横向拉展，更具有现代感。 In clerical script, lines become more horizontal and straight, making the character more modern in appearance.

楷书 (现代) (Regular Script (Modern)):

现代楷书“须”字上部分为“彡”下为“页”，结构规范，便于书写。 In modern regular script, '须' is standardized, combining '彡' (lines indicating hair) over '页' (head), making it easy to write and recognize.

常用词语和例句 (Common Words & Examples)

胡须 (beard; mustache)

húxū

他的胡须又黑又长。

Pinyin: Tā de húxū yòu hēi yòu cháng.

Eng: His beard is thick and long.

触须 (antenna; tentacle (of animals))

chùxū

蝴蝶用触须来感觉气味。

Pinyin: Húdié yòng chùxū lái gǎnjué qìwèi.

Eng: Butterflies use their antennae to sense smells.

须要 (need; require)

xūyào

学习外语须要坚持不懈。

Pinyin: Xuéxí wàiyǔ xūyào jiānchí bùxiè.

Eng: Learning a foreign language requires perseverance.

须知 (notice; important information; one must be aware that)

xūzhī

考试须知已经发给每位学生。

Pinyin: Kǎoshì xūzhī yǐjīng fā gěi měi wèi xuéshēng.

Eng: The exam instructions have been given to every student.

多语言翻译 (核心释义) (Translations (Core Meaning))

French: Barbe, moustache, devoir, besoin
German: Bart, Schnurrhaare, müssen, brauchen
Spanish: Barba, bigote, deber, necesitar
Italian: Barba, baffi, dovere, bisogno
Portuguese: Barba, bigode, dever, precisar
Russian: борода, усы, необходимо, нужно
Arabic: لحية، شارب، يجب، يحتاج
Persian: ریش، سبیل، باید، نیاز داشتن
Dutch: Baard, snor, moeten, nodig hebben
Polish: Broda, wąsy, musieć, potrzebować
Vietnamese: Râu, ria, phải, cần
Ukrainian: борода, вуса, потрібно, необхідно

视频学习资源 (Video Learning Resources)

通过以下链接在热门视频网站搜索 "须" 的更多讲解：

Search for more explanations of "须" on popular video sites:

在 Bilibili.com 搜索 "须字源说文解字" (Search on Bilibili)
在 YouTube.com 搜索 "须 character origin etymology" (Search on YouTube)

网络参考 (Web References for "须") ()

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须