愚

Pinyin: yú | Core Meaning: foolish, stupid, silly; lacking intelligence.

基本信息 (Basic Information)

含义与用法 (Meanings & Usage)

中文核心释义 (Core Chinese Meaning): 愚蠢，笨拙，不聪明。

英文核心释义 (Core English Meaning): foolish, stupid, silly; lacking intelligence.

“愚”常用来形容人不聪明、容易上当，比如“愚人”、“愚蠢”。有时也用作自谦，如“愚见”（意思是自己的愚拙见解）。现代有时可见于书面语和成语中。 ‘愚’ is commonly used to describe someone as foolish or easily deceived (e.g., ‘愚人’, ‘愚蠢’). It can also be used in a self-deprecating manner, as in ‘愚见’ (‘my humble opinion’). Today, it appears more often in written language or idioms.

象形意义 / 为何这么写 (Pictographic Meaning / Writing Rationale)

“愚”是会意字，上方“禺”指头部，有封闭、迟钝之意，下方的“心”为表意部首，表示和心智相关。组合起来表示心智闭塞或愚钝。'愚' is an associative compound character: the top part ‘禺’ represents a head, implying blockage or dullness, and the bottom part ‘心’ (heart/mind) refers to intellect. Combined, they illustrate blocked or dull thinking.

文言文释义 (Classical Chinese Meaning)

与现代意义相近，表示愚蠢、愚昧。Similar to modern meaning, referring to foolishness or ignorance.

深入学习 (In-depth Study)

字源故事 (Origin Story)

“愚”最早由“禺”和“心”组成, “禺”原指动物的头部，引申为闭塞、迟钝。下方“心”表示和思想、心智有关。整体表示头脑迟钝，用来形容愚笨的人。‘愚’ is formed from ‘禺’ (originally depicting an animal’s head, later meaning clumsy or closed) and the ‘心’ (heart/mind) radical, indicating a connection to thought or intellect. The combination refers to someone slow-witted, representing foolishness.

字形演变 (Character Evolution)

甲骨文 (Oracle Bone Script):
甲骨文中“愚”的字形尚未定型，大多只见其组成部分“禺”和“心”的早期形态，整体结构较为分散。 In Oracle Bone Script, the character '愚' had not yet taken its final form, but the component parts ‘禺’ and ‘心’ can be found in early forms, with the structure still scattered.
金文 (Bronze Inscription):
金文时期出现了“禺”与“心”组合的雏形，结构更紧凑，已能表达“愚”的基本含义。 In the Bronze Inscription era, the combination of ‘禺’ and ‘心’ began to appear in a more compact form, already conveying the meaning of 'foolishness'.
小篆 (Small Seal Script):
小篆中的“愚”结构清晰，上方为“禺”，下方为“心”，轮廓统一，线条流畅。 In Small Seal Script, '愚' became clearly structured, with ‘禺’ on top and ‘心’ below, unified contours and smooth lines.
隶书 (Clerical Script):
隶书对“愚”字进行简化和方整处理，笔画扁平，结构趋于现代形式。 In Clerical Script, '愚' was simplified and squared, with more flattened strokes, approaching its modern form.
楷书 (现代) (Regular Script (Modern)):
现代楷书中，“愚”上为“禺”，下为“心”，结构规范，书写清晰。 In modern Regular Script, '愚' has ‘禺’ on top and ‘心’ below, with a regular, clear appearance.

常用词语和例句 (Common Words & Examples)

愚蠢 (foolish, stupid)

yú chǔn

他说了一件非常愚蠢的事情。

Pinyin: Tā shuō le yī jiàn fēicháng yúchǔn de shìqing.

Eng: He said something very foolish.

愚人 (fool, simpleton)

yú rén

有些玩笑只适合给愚人开。

Pinyin: Yǒuxiē wánxiào zhǐ shìhé gěi yúrén kāi.

Eng: Some jokes are only suitable for fools.

愚见 (my humble opinion)

yú jiàn

以上只是我的愚见，欢迎大家指正。

Pinyin: Yǐshàng zhǐshì wǒ de yújiàn, huānyíng dàjiā zhǐzhèng.

Eng: The above is just my humble opinion; feedback is welcome.

相关成语 (Related Idioms)

愚公移山 yú gōng yí shān

Meaning: the foolish old man who removed the mountains (perseverance overcomes difficulties)

相传古代有个老农名叫愚公，他家门前有两座大山挡路。愚公决心带领家人挖山搬石，终有一天能把山移开。他的坚持感动了天帝，最终神仙帮助移开了大山。该成语比喻持之以恒，有毅力就能克服困难。 According to legend, an old farmer called Yu Gong found two great mountains blocking the way in front of his home. Resolute, he led his family to dig and remove the rocks, certain that with persistence, the mountains would eventually be moved. His determination moved the gods, who sent immortals to help remove the mountains. The idiom represents perseverance and how obstacles can be overcome with determination.

多语言翻译 (核心释义) (Translations (Core Meaning))

  • French: stupide, insensé
  • German: dumm, töricht
  • Spanish: tonto, necio
  • Italian: stupido, sciocco
  • Portuguese: tolo, estúpido
  • Russian: глупый, неразумный
  • Arabic: غبي، أحمق
  • Persian: احمق، نادان
  • Dutch: dom, dwaas
  • Polish: głupi, nierozsądny
  • Vietnamese: ngốc nghếch, khờ dại
  • Ukrainian: дурний, нерозумний

视频学习资源 (Video Learning Resources)

通过以下链接在热门视频网站搜索 "愚" 的更多讲解：

Search for more explanations of "愚" on popular video sites:

网络参考 (Web References for "愚") ()

网络内容摘要 (Web Content Summary):

愚的核心含义是“愚蠢、糊涂、不聪明”。在古代汉语中也常用作自谦之词，即自称愚笨，表示谦虚。 愚 primarily means "foolish, silly, or not smart." In classical Chinese, it is also often used as a humble self-reference, indicating modesty.

  • “愚”字在象形上没有特别复杂的构造，但其文化背景丰富。例如，历史文献中常有臣子上书时自称“愚”，以示谦卑。 The character itself is not highly pictographic, but carries rich cultural connotations. For instance, officials would refer to themselves as "愚" to express humility in historical documents.
  • 常见成语有“愚公移山”，比喻坚持不懈、愚而有为；另如“愚不可及”（极其愚蠢）。 Common idioms include “愚公移山” (The Foolish Old Man Moves Mountains — perseverance even in the face of impossible odds), and “愚不可及” (extremely foolish).
  • 易混淆点：现代口语中，“愚”多指人不聪明，但在自谦时是表达礼貌和谦卑。 Confusion point: Nowadays, "愚" mainly means lacking intelligence, but as a humble term, it conveys politeness and modesty rather than true foolishness.
  • 相关词语有：愚钝、愚人、愚见（自谦的观点）、愚弄（戏弄）。 Related words: 愚钝 (dull-witted), 愚人 (fool), 愚见 (humble opinion), 愚弄 (to fool or make fun of).

整体来看，“愚”既有贬义（指愚蠢），也有在谦虚语境下的中性或褒义用法，学习时要注意语境判断。 In summary, while “愚” can be derogatory (meaning stupid), it can also be neutral or even positive in contexts of modesty. Be mindful of the context when using this character.

汉字"愚"的起源、演变过程-汉字字源辞典

汉字字源辞典收录13864条汉字词条，基本涵盖了常见汉字的字源解析，是汉字研究的必备工具。

愚的解释|愚的意思|汉典"愚"字的基本解释 - 漢典

又如:愚若胶柱(胶住调节乐弦的柱再去弹奏，只能弹出单一无变化的音调。比喻愚笨到像去胶柱，拘泥而不知变通);愚戆(愚蠢而刚直);愚騃(痴笨);愚浊(愚笨;糊涂) (3) 自称之谦词 [my humble] 愚以为营中之事。—— 诸葛亮 《出师表》 愚谓大计。—— 《资治通鉴》

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