苦

Pinyin: kǔ | Core Meaning: bitter (taste); hardship; suffering

基本信息 (Basic Information)

含义与用法 (Meanings & Usage)

中文核心释义 (Core Chinese Meaning): 苦味，辛苦，痛苦。

英文核心释义 (Core English Meaning): bitter (taste); hardship; suffering

“苦”常用于表示味道，如“苦瓜”；也可以形容难受、辛劳，如“吃苦”或“苦难”。在表达情感上，“苦”引申为痛苦、艰难等。 The character '苦' is commonly used to describe a bitter taste, as in food; it also means hardship or suffering when describing life or emotions, such as in '吃苦' (to endure hardships) or '苦难' (suffering, hardships).

象形意义 / 为何这么写 (Pictographic Meaning / Writing Rationale)

“苦”由“艹”（草）和“古”组成。“艹”表示与植物相关，“古”与“口”结合，下方本表食物或味觉，整体表示草有苦味——古人用草药治病多带苦味，所以“苦”也引申为令人感到不愉快、难受。'苦' is made up of the '艹' (grass) radical on top and '古' (ancient) below. '艹' indicates plants, and the lower part, historically linked to '口' (mouth), signified tasting or eating. Together, it illustrates that certain plants taste bitter. Because traditional medicine often used bitter herbs, the meaning extended to symbolize suffering or hardship.

文言文释义 (Classical Chinese Meaning)

与现代意义相近，文言文中常用“苦”表苦味、困苦、艰难。Similar to modern meaning; in Classical Chinese, '苦' was used for bitter taste, hardship, and adversity.

深入学习 (In-depth Study)

字源故事 (Origin Story)

“苦”字最早出现在甲骨文，最初的字形上部是“艹”表示植物，下面像口。古人主要用“苦”表示植物的苦味，大多与苦味的草、药有关，后来引申为艰难、痛苦。The character '苦' first appeared in oracle bone script. The top part is '艹', indicating plants or grass, and the lower part resembles a mouth. Originally, '苦' referred to the bitter taste of plants and herbs. Later, its meaning expanded to include hardship and suffering.

字形演变 (Character Evolution)

甲骨文 (Oracle Bone Script):
尚未完全定型，结构简单，上部似草，下部似口，表示与草的味道相关。 Not yet fully standardized; simple structure with the top resembling grass and the bottom like a mouth, indicating relation to the taste of plants.
金文 (Bronze Inscription):
金文中“苦”字结构更清晰，艹部逐渐成形，表意更明显。 In Bronze Inscriptions, the structure of '苦' became clearer, with the '艹' radical taking shape, making the meaning more obvious.
小篆 (Small Seal Script):
小篆将“苦”的形体规范化，上方的艹部和下方的口部更为分明，整体更加修长美观。 '苦' in Small Seal Script became standardized, with a clearer separation between the '艹' radical on the top and the '口' component below; the character appears more elongated and aesthetically balanced.
隶书 (Clerical Script):
隶书中“苦”字扁平化，笔画转折明显，结构基本与现代汉字相同。 In Clerical Script, the character became more flat and angular, with strokes clearly turning at corners; its structure is close to the modern form.
楷书 (现代) (Regular Script (Modern)):
现代楷书中，“苦”字上部为“艹”，下部为“古”，结构规范、易读。 In modern Regular Script, '苦' is written with '艹' (grass) on top and '古' (ancient) below, appearing clear and standardized.

常用词语和例句 (Common Words & Examples)

苦瓜 (bitter melon)

kǔguā

苦瓜虽然味道苦，但有很多营养。

Pinyin: Kǔguā suīrán wèidào kǔ, dàn yǒu hěnduō yíngyǎng.

Eng: Although bitter melon tastes bitter, it is very nutritious.

吃苦 (to endure hardship; to suffer)

chī kǔ

他从小就很能吃苦。

Pinyin: Tā cóng xiǎo jiù hěn néng chī kǔ.

Eng: He has been able to endure hardships since childhood.

痛苦 (pain; suffering)

tòngkǔ

失败给了他很大的痛苦。

Pinyin: Shībài gěi le tā hěn dà de tòngkǔ.

Eng: Failure brought him great pain.

苦难 (hardship; suffering)

kǔnàn

他们最终战胜了所有的苦难。

Pinyin: Tāmen zuìzhōng zhànshèng le suǒyǒu de kǔnàn.

Eng: They eventually overcame all the hardships.

相关成语 (Related Idioms)

含辛茹苦 hán xīn rú kǔ

Meaning: to endure all kinds of hardships

含辛茹苦原指吃尽辛苦和苦味的草，后来用来形容人经历各种艰难困苦，努力坚持。 Originally, '含辛茹苦' meant experiencing all kinds of bitterness and hardship, including eating bitter herbs. Later, it came to describe people enduring various kinds of suffering and persevering despite difficulties.

苦尽甘来 kǔ jìn gān lái

Meaning: after suffering comes happiness; sweetness follows bitterness

“苦尽甘来”讲述先经历苦难，之后好运或幸福到来。这个成语常用来鼓励人积极面对艰难。 '苦尽甘来' means that after suffering, joy or good fortune arrives. This idiom is often used to encourage people to face hardship optimistically.

多语言翻译 (核心释义) (Translations (Core Meaning))

  • French: amer; souffrance
  • German: bitter; Leid
  • Spanish: amargo; sufrimiento
  • Italian: amaro; sofferenza
  • Portuguese: amargo; sofrimento
  • Russian: горький; страдание
  • Arabic: مُرّ؛ معاناة
  • Persian: تلخ؛ رنج
  • Dutch: bitter; lijden
  • Polish: gorzki; cierpienie
  • Vietnamese: đắng; đau khổ
  • Ukrainian: гіркий; страждання

视频学习资源 (Video Learning Resources)

通过以下链接在热门视频网站搜索 "苦" 的更多讲解：

Search for more explanations of "苦" on popular video sites:

网络参考 (Web References for "苦") ()

网络内容摘要 (Web Content Summary):

“苦”字的核心含义是“苦味”或“痛苦”。它由“艹”（草字头，表示与植物有关）和声符“古”组成，最早指苦菜（一种带有苦味的野菜，如《诗经》记载）。后来由“味苦”引申为难受、痛苦等抽象含义。 The core meaning of “苦” (kǔ) is "bitter taste" or "pain/suffering". It consists of the radical “艹” (related to plants) and the phonetic component “古”. The original meaning refers to a wild bitter-tasting vegetable (as mentioned in the Book of Songs), and by extension came to mean "bitter taste" and then "suffering" or "hardship".

  • 文化与象形： 苦与古代草本植物紧密相关，常见于中药及食物描述。茶初传入中国时也常被形容为“苦”。 Cultural note & pictograph: “苦” relates to ancient knowledge of herbs. Early references to tea often mention its bitterness.
  • 特别用法： “苦”不仅表示味道，还可指精神或生活上的磨难、辛苦。例如：苦其心志（to temper or challenge one’s mind/will）。 Special usage: Besides taste, it expresses hardship or suffering in life, e.g., 苦其心志 (to test/temper one's mind and resolve).
  • 常见词语： “吃苦”（endure hardship）, “痛苦”（pain）, “辛苦”（hard/tired/worthy effort）, “苦瓜”（bitter melon）。 Common words: “吃苦” (endure hardship), “痛苦” (pain), “辛苦” (hard/tiring), “苦瓜” (bitter melon).
  • 易混淆点： “苦”有时误用于只表示“味道”，而忽视其“困难”“痛苦”的引申义。 Common confusion: “苦” is not just “bitter” in taste, but often means hardship or difficulty.

苦（汉语汉字）_百度百科

"苦"字由"艹"和"古"字组成。" 艹 "表义，是指一种草本植物。" 古 "是"苦"的声符。"苦"的本义是指苦菜。即茶。如《诗经》中说"采苦，采苦，首阳之下"。由于茶的味道是苦的，故也引申为苦味。苦味令人难受，由此也引申为难受、痛苦。

苦的解释|苦的意思|汉典"苦"字的基本解释 - 漢典

如：「他如此忍辱负重，真是苦了他了!」. 磨炼。 《孟子·告子下》：「天将降大任于斯人也，必先苦其心志，劳其筋骨。」. 患、怕。 《汉书·卷三四·韩信传》：「亭长妻苦之，乃晨炊蓐食。」 《文选·古诗十九首·回车驾言迈》：「盛衰各有时，立身苦不 ...

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