狱

Pinyin: yù | Core Meaning: prison, jail, place of confinement for criminals; lawsuit, legal case

基本信息 (Basic Information)

含义与用法 (Meanings & Usage)

中文核心释义 (Core Chinese Meaning): 监禁罪犯或审理案件的地方，即监狱、牢狱，也指案件、诉讼。

英文核心释义 (Core English Meaning): prison, jail, place of confinement for criminals; lawsuit, legal case

“狱”主要用于表示监狱、牢狱等场所，也可作“案件、案子”之意。在现代多见于书面语，如法律、历史等语境中。 Mainly used in written contexts to refer to prison or place of detention, sometimes also denotes 'lawsuit' or 'legal case,' common in legal or historical writings.

象形意义 / 为何这么写 (Pictographic Meaning / Writing Rationale)

“狱”字左边是“犭”(犬的变形)，右边为“谕”(含“言”旁)，象征用言语审理、以威严震慑的场所，故为‘牢狱’之意。The left side of '狱' is the animal radical (from 犬, dog), while the right is 'yu' (containing the speech radical). This combination represents a place where disputes are judged through words and enforced with authority, hence the meaning of 'prison.'

文言文释义 (Classical Chinese Meaning)

文言文中“狱”主要指案件、讼事，有时指牢狱，与现代意义相近。In Classical Chinese, '狱' mostly referred to legal cases or lawsuits, sometimes to jails; this is similar to the modern meaning.

深入学习 (In-depth Study)

字源故事 (Origin Story)

“狱”字最早见于甲骨文，是“言”和“犬”两个部分的会意。古人用“言”表示争讼，用“犬”表示审讯时的威严或捕捉犯人。后来结构趋于规范，逐渐演变成现在的写法。The character '狱' first appeared in oracle bone script, as a compound of '言' (speech, representing dispute) and '犬' (dog, symbolizing authority or the act of catching criminals during interrogation). Over time, the structure became regularized, leading to the modern form.

字形演变 (Character Evolution)

甲骨文 (Oracle Bone Script):
甲骨文中“狱”字以“言”和“犬”的象形组合，反映讼争审理的场所。 In oracle bone script, '狱' was composed of pictographs for 'speech' and 'dog,' symbolizing a place of litigation and interrogation.
金文 (Bronze Inscription):
金文中“狱”字的结构更加规整，“言”与“犬”更清晰，仍体现两部分组合的含义。 In bronze inscriptions, the structure of '狱' became more regular, with clearer separation of 'speech' and 'dog,' maintaining their combined meaning.
小篆 (Small Seal Script):
小篆中“狱”的笔画变得流畅统一，形体修长，部件清晰可辨。 In small seal script, '狱' became more elegant and unified in strokes, with easily distinguishable components.
隶书 (Clerical Script):
隶书时期，“狱”字转为横平竖直，书写便捷，结构扁平。 During the clerical script era, '狱' shifted to a flatter, more horizontal-vertical structure, making it more suitable for quick writing.
楷书 (现代) (Regular Script (Modern)):
现代楷书中“狱”字结构稳定，由“犭”和“谕”组成，书写规范。 In modern regular script, '狱' is stable in structure, composed of the 'animal radical' and 'yu,' following standard orthography.

常用词语和例句 (Common Words & Examples)

监狱 (prison, jail)

jiān yù

他因为犯罪被关进了监狱。

Pinyin: Tā yīnwèi fànzuì bèi guānjìnle jiānyù.

Eng: He was put into prison because of his crime.

牢狱 (prison, jail (literary/formal))

láo yù

他被无辜投入牢狱多年。

Pinyin: Tā bèi wúgū tóurù láoyù duō nián.

Eng: He was unjustly thrown into prison for many years.

冤狱 (unjust imprisonment, wrongful conviction)

yuān yù

这个案子是一桩冤狱。

Pinyin: Zhège ànzi shì yī zhuāng yuānyù.

Eng: This case is a miscarriage of justice.

相关成语 (Related Idioms)

相关成语信息待补充。Related idiom information pending.

多语言翻译 (核心释义) (Translations (Core Meaning))

  • French: prison, geôle
  • German: Gefängnis
  • Spanish: prisión, cárcel
  • Italian: prigione, carcere
  • Portuguese: prisão, cadeia
  • Russian: тюрьма
  • Arabic: سجن
  • Persian: زندان
  • Dutch: gevangenis
  • Polish: więzienie
  • Vietnamese: nhà tù
  • Ukrainian: в'язниця

视频学习资源 (Video Learning Resources)

通过以下链接在热门视频网站搜索 "狱" 的更多讲解：

Search for more explanations of "狱" on popular video sites:

网络参考 (Web References for "狱") ()

网络内容摘要 (Web Content Summary):

  • 核心含义：狱（拼音：yù）本义指争讼、打官司，后来引申为“监狱”、“牢房”等有罪人关押的场所。 Core meaning: "狱" (yù) originally meant dispute or litigation; later, it extended to mean "prison" or a place where criminals are detained.

  • 象形起源：“狱”字的古字形由“㹜”（两犬相咬）和“言”组成，表示以言语争斗、诉讼的意思，体现了法庭上人们争辩的场景。 Etymological origin: The ancient form combines "㹜" (two dogs biting each other) and "言" (speech), symbolizing verbal dispute, i.e., litigation or arguing in court.

  • 常见用法及词语：现代常用词有“地狱”（hell）、“监狱”（prison）、“牢狱”（jail）、“入狱”（go to prison）、“冤狱”（unjust imprisonment）、“文字狱”（persecution for literary works）。 Common usages and words: Frequently seen words include 地狱 (hell), 监狱 (prison), 牢狱 (jail), 入狱 (go to prison), 冤狱 (unjust imprisonment), 文字狱 (persecution due to writings).

  • 易混淆点：“狱”常用于法律和监禁相关语境，避免与“育”（培养）、“欲”（欲望）等同音字混淆。 Common confusion: "狱" is mainly used in legal or imprisonment contexts; do not confuse it with similarly pronounced characters like "育" (to nurture) or "欲" (desire).

  • 文化背景：古代常用于描述诉讼、刑狱事务，相关成语如“冤假错案”、“入狱受审”。 Cultural background: In ancient times, it referred to litigation or judicial matters; related idioms include 冤假错案 (wrongful convictions), 入狱受审 (be tried after being imprisoned).

信息补充：该字主要用于法律和监禁相关语境，书面语和成语中出现较多。 Additional note: This character primarily appears in legal or incarceration contexts, common in written Chinese and idiomatic expressions.

狱（汉语文字）_百度百科

狱（拼音：yù）是汉语一级通用规范汉字（常用字）。此字始见于西周金文，古字形从㹜，从言，㹜为两犬相咬之形， "狱"表示以言论相互争斗，即诉讼、打官司。法官断案后，总有一方败诉，成为罪犯。罪犯就要判刑，入狱，所以"狱"字就引申为监狱、牢，也便有了地狱、冤狱、文字狱这些词。

汉字"狱"的起源、演变过程-汉字字源辞典

本义只见于古文（狱辞 狱文 狱诉 狱讼 狱司 / 判狱） 狱 ，确也。——《说文》 而有 狱 讼者。——《周礼 • 大司徒》 谁谓女无家，何以速我 狱 ？——《诗 • 召南》 ②名词：监牢，牢房。 狱警 狱吏 狱卒 / 地狱 监狱 牢狱 入狱 下狱 炼狱

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