学习汉字 "杜" (dù) - Learn Chinese Character "杜"

基本信息 (Basic Information)

含义与用法 (Meanings & Usage)

中文核心释义 (Core Chinese Meaning): 一种落叶乔木；阻止、堵塞；姓氏。

英文核心释义 (Core English Meaning): A type of deciduous tree (Chinese wild cherry or related species); to stop or block; a surname.

“杜”常用作姓氏，如杜甫，也用于表示“堵住、阻止”（如杜绝）。在植物名里指杜树（如杜梨）。 '杜' is commonly used as a surname (e.g., Du Fu). It also means to stop or block (as in the word '杜绝' meaning 'to put an end to'). In plant names, it refers to specific trees (like wild cherry).

象形意义 / 为何这么写 (Pictographic Meaning / Writing Rationale)

“杜”字左边是“木”，表示树木；右边是“土”，表示泥土，合起来有用树木和泥土堵塞的含义，因此引申为“阻止”“封堵”。The left side of '杜' is '木' representing trees, and the right side is '土' meaning earth. Together, they suggest blocking something with trees and earth, hence the extended meanings 'to block' or 'to stop.'

文言文释义 (Classical Chinese Meaning)

文言文中主要为树名或阻止、堵塞；也指地名、封邑，与现代意义相近。Mainly refers to a type of tree or the act of blocking. Also used as a place or fief name; similar to modern meaning.

深入学习 (In-depth Study)

字源故事 (Origin Story)

“杜”最初是指一种树木，后来引申为堵塞、阻挡之意。该字早见于甲骨文和金文，结构上由“木”和“土”组成，意指用树木和泥土筑墙，堵塞通道。也成为常见的中文姓氏。'杜' originally referred to a type of tree and later extended to mean blocking or stopping. The character appeared early in oracle bones and bronze inscriptions; it's composed of '木' (wood/tree) and '土' (earth), suggesting using trees and earth to build walls or block passages. The character also became a common Chinese surname.

字形演变 (Character Evolution)

甲骨文 (Oracle Bone Script):

甲骨文中“杜”字结构尚未完全固定，通常表现为“木”旁和类似“土”的部件，整体简略，主要表示树木意义。 In Oracle Bone Script, '杜' had a not yet fixed structure, usually combining the '木' (tree) radical and a component resembling '土', reflecting the tree meaning.

金文 (Bronze Inscription):

金文中的“杜”字结构更清晰，左边为“木”，右侧为象形的“土”字，整体更强调用木与土结合之意。 In Bronze Inscription, '杜' was more clearly structured, with '木' on the left and a pictographic '土' on the right, emphasizing the combination of wood and earth.

小篆 (Small Seal Script):

小篆中“杜”字形变得修长圆润，部首分明，‘木’和‘土’部件已经固定。 In Small Seal Script, '杜' became elongated and rounded in shape, with distinct components for '木' and '土' which had become standardized.

隶书 (Clerical Script):

隶书中“杜”转为扁平，横画增多，整体结构趋向现代写法。 In Clerical Script, '杜' became flatter with more horizontal strokes, with a structure approaching the modern form.

楷书 (现代) (Regular Script (Modern)):

现代楷书中“杜”分为‘木’和‘土’两个部分，结构清晰，便于书写。 In modern Regular Script, '杜' consists of clear '木' (left) and '土' (right) parts, making it easy to write and recognize.

常用词语和例句 (Common Words & Examples)

杜绝 (to put an end to; to stop completely)

dùjué

我们要杜绝浪费粮食的现象。

Pinyin: Wǒmen yào dùjué làngfèi liángshí de xiànxiàng.

Eng: We must put an end to the wasting of food.

杜鹃 (azalea; cuckoo (a kind of bird or flower))

dùjuān

春天时山上开满了杜鹃花。

Pinyin: Chūntiān shí shān shàng kāi mǎn le dùjuān huā.

Eng: In spring, the mountains are covered with blooming azaleas.

杜姓 (the surname Du)

dù xìng

杜姓在中国是一个常见的姓氏。

Pinyin: Dù xìng zài Zhōngguó shì yígè chángjiàn de xìngshì.

Eng: Du is a common surname in China.

多语言翻译 (核心释义) (Translations (Core Meaning))

French: boucher; arbre du genre prunier; Du (nom de famille)
German: blockieren; Kirschpflaumenbaum; Du (Familienname)
Spanish: bloquear; ciruelo salvaje; Du (apellido)
Italian: bloccare; pruno selvatico; Du (cognome)
Portuguese: bloquear; ameixeira selvagem; Du (sobrenome)
Russian: блокировать; дикая слива; Ду (фамилия)
Arabic: يمنع؛ شجرة البرقوق البري؛ دو (اسم عائلة)
Persian: مسدود کردن؛ آلو وحشی؛ دو (نام خانوادگی)
Dutch: blokkeren; wilde pruimenboom; Du (achternaam)
Polish: blokować; dzika śliwa; Du (nazwisko)
Vietnamese: ngăn chặn; cây mận rừng; Du (họ)
Ukrainian: блокувати; дика слива; Ду (прізвище)

视频学习资源 (Video Learning Resources)

通过以下链接在热门视频网站搜索 "杜" 的更多讲解：

Search for more explanations of "杜" on popular video sites:

在 Bilibili.com 搜索 "杜字源说文解字" (Search on Bilibili)
在 YouTube.com 搜索 "Du character origin etymology" (Search on YouTube)

网络参考 (Web References for "杜") ()

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杜