乾

Pinyin: qián | Core Meaning: Heaven, sky, masculine principle (yang); also used for 'dry' (in some regions) or as a surname.

基本信息 (Basic Information)

含义与用法 (Meanings & Usage)

中文核心释义 (Core Chinese Meaning): 天，天空，阳刚；也用于表示干燥或姓氏。

英文核心释义 (Core English Meaning): Heaven, sky, masculine principle (yang); also used for 'dry' (in some regions) or as a surname.

“乾”在现代汉语中常用于文言文和姓名，如《易经》的“乾卦”意指天或阳刚之气。在部分南方方言中，“乾”也用作“干燥”的意思，比如“乾杯”即‘喝干杯中酒’。但在普通话中“干燥”多用“干”。 In modern Chinese, '乾' is mainly used in classical contexts, names, or references such as the 'Qian Gua' (Heaven Trigram) in the Book of Changes, signifying 'heaven' or the masculine principle. In some southern dialects, it also means 'dry' (as in 'Gan Bei' – 'dry the cup'). But in standard Mandarin, '干' is more commonly used for 'dry.'

象形意义 / 为何这么写 (Pictographic Meaning / Writing Rationale)

“乾”为会意字，早期形态象征天穹，表达天高、广大之意。现字形由“幹”和“乙”组成，整体表达万物生长、阳刚向上的含义。'乾' is an ideogrammic compound character. Its ancient form represents a vast sky or vault, conveying the idea of height and greatness. The modern form combines elements suggesting 'trunk/core' and 'extension', symbolizing masculinity and the upward, generative force of heaven.

文言文释义 (Classical Chinese Meaning)

文言文中，“乾”多指天、阳刚、父象等，意为刚健、主动，通常与《易经》相关，含义与现代较为接近。In Classical Chinese, '乾' mainly referred to heaven, masculinity, and fatherly force, representing firmness and initiative—its meaning is similar to the modern sense.

深入学习 (In-depth Study)

字源故事 (Origin Story)

“乾”最早见于甲骨文，是象形字，原意为“天”或天穹。古代认为天在上、高而广大，具有生发万物的力量，因此“乾”引申为阳刚、刚健、父性等意象，并成为《易经》中代表天的卦象。The character '乾' first appeared in oracle bone script as a pictograph, originally meaning 'heaven' or 'the sky.' In ancient times, 'heaven' was seen as high and vast, giving rise to extension meanings of masculine, firm, nurturing, and fatherly qualities. '乾' thus represents the trigram of Heaven in the 'Book of Changes' (I Ching).

字形演变 (Character Evolution)

甲骨文 (Oracle Bone Script):
甲骨文中的“乾”字形较复杂，意为苍穹或天，在字形上表现为弯曲隆起的天穹形象，并辅以装饰性线条。 In Oracle Bone Script, '乾' was complex in form, symbolizing the heavens or sky, depicted as an arched vault (sky) sometimes with accent lines as decoration.
金文 (Bronze Inscription):
金文中“乾”字形较甲骨文稍规范，结构更明确，仍带有“天穹”象征，线条变得饱满厚重。 In Bronze Inscriptions, the '乾' character became more standardized, with clearer structure, still evoking the vault of heaven, but with fuller, heavier lines.
小篆 (Small Seal Script):
小篆阶段“乾”的字形拉长，线条流畅，结构对称，已接近现代构形，顶部突出“天”的意象。 In Small Seal Script, '乾' became elongated and symmetrical, with smooth lines, approaching the modern structure, and a prominent 'heavenly' symbolism at the top.
隶书 (Clerical Script):
隶书中“乾”笔画变扁平，横平竖直，转折明显，字形更方正，为楷书奠定基础。 During the Clerical Script period, '乾' had more horizontal and vertical lines, with distinct angular turns, flatter shapes, and a more upright appearance, laying the foundation for Regular Script.
楷书 (现代) (Regular Script (Modern)):
现代楷书中“乾”结构紧凑，笔画清晰，通常保持自小篆、隶书以来的构造，书法中常见。 In modern Regular Script, '乾' has a compact structure with clear strokes, retaining the construction from Small Seal and Clerical Scripts, commonly seen in calligraphy today.

常用词语和例句 (Common Words & Examples)

乾卦 (Qian hexagram (Heaven Trigram in the I Ching, symbolizing heaven and masculinity))

qián guà

《易经》中的乾卦象征天，刚健有力。

Pinyin: Yìjīng zhōng de qián guà xiàngzhēng tiān, gāngjiàn yǒu lì.

Eng: The Qian hexagram in the 'I Ching' symbolizes heaven, strength, and masculinity.

乾隆 (Qianlong (the reign title of a Qing Dynasty emperor))

Qiánlóng

乾隆皇帝在位期间社会安定，经济繁荣。

Pinyin: Qiánlóng huángdì zàiwèi qíjiān shèhuì āndìng, jīngjì fánróng.

Eng: During the Qianlong Emperor's reign, society was stable and the economy flourished.

乾杯 (Cheers! (lit. 'dry the glass'; to drink up one's cup))

gān bēi

朋友们聚会时常常会大声喊‘乾杯’。

Pinyin: Péngyǒu men jùhuì shí chángcháng huì dàshēng hǎn ‘gān bēi’.

Eng: Friends often shout 'Ganbei' together at gatherings.

相关成语 (Related Idioms)

乾坤未定 qián kūn wèi dìng

Meaning: The situation is still undecided; the outcome is not yet determined.

“乾”代表天，“坤”代表地，‘乾坤未定’原指天地未分，后比喻事情的胜负或结局尚未决定。 'Qian' stands for heaven and 'Kun' for earth. Originally referring to the time before heaven and earth were separated, this idiom later came to mean that the outcome of an event is still undetermined.

多语言翻译 (核心释义) (Translations (Core Meaning))

  • French: Ciel, principe yang, sec (dans certains contextes)
  • German: Himmel, Yang-Prinzip, trocken (regional)
  • Spanish: Cielo, principio masculino (yang), seco (regional)
  • Italian: Cielo, principio yang, secco (in alcuni contesti)
  • Portuguese: Céu, princípio yang, seco (em alguns contextos)
  • Russian: Небо, ян (мужское начало), сухой (локально)
  • Arabic: السماء، المبدأ الذكوري (يانغ)، جاف (في بعض اللهجات)
  • Persian: آسمان، اصل مردانه (یانگ)، خشک (در برخی موارد)
  • Dutch: Hemel, yang-principe, droog (in sommige contexten)
  • Polish: Niebo, zasada yang, suchy (regionalnie)
  • Vietnamese: Trời, nguyên lý dương, khô (ở một số vùng)
  • Ukrainian: Небо, ян (чоловічий принцип), сухий (регіонально)

视频学习资源 (Video Learning Resources)

通过以下链接在热门视频网站搜索 "乾" 的更多讲解：

Search for more explanations of "乾" on popular video sites:

网络参考 (Web References for "乾") ()

网络内容摘要 (Web Content Summary):

```html

乾（拼音：qián/gān）是一级常用汉字，最早见于秦代竹简。其本义为“干燥”，亦引申为“枯渴”。 乾 (pinyin: qián/gān) is a commonly used Chinese character, first found on Qin dynasty bamboo slips. Its original meaning is "dry," which was later extended to mean "parched" or "thirsty."

在文化上，“乾”与《易经》中的“乾卦”相关，象征“天”，代表阳刚、主动、男性等，亦引申指“天子”“西北方”。 Culturally, "乾" is linked to the "乾卦" in the Book of Changes (Yijing), symbolizing "Heaven," and signifying masculinity, activity, the emperor, and the northwest direction.

  • “乾”在现代常用于成语如“乾坤”（天地、世界之意）。 "乾" is often used in idioms such as “乾坤” (meaning "Heaven and Earth" or "the universe").
  • 易与“干”（gàn, gān）混淆，现代简化汉字规范下部分“乾”的用义已合并到“干”字中。 It is easily confused with “干” (gàn, gān); in simplified Chinese, some meanings of "乾" are merged with "干."
  • “乾”在姓氏、地名等也有使用。 "乾" also appears in surnames and place names.

其他信息有限，如需了解更多文化背景或用法，建议查阅相关典籍。 Further detailed information is limited; consult classical texts for more cultural background or usage.

```

汉字"乾"的起源、演变过程-汉字字源辞典

因乾卦象天，所以"乾"又有了"天"的意思，此后又引申出一系列与天相关的义项，如：天子﹑男性﹑西北方等，表示这一系列义项时，乾字均读为 qián 。在后世，乾的假借义成为其常用义，本义和引申义在简化汉字后归并到读音相同的"干"字下。

乾（汉语文字）_百度百科

乾（读作：qián或gān）为现代汉语通用规范一级字（常用字）。在已出土的文字材料里，该字最早见于秦代竹简中，汉代《说文解字》还分别收录了其籀文和小篆字形。该字的本义是干燥，后来也引申指枯渴。后来也假借做《易经》卦名。还可以用于姓氏中。在新中国的汉字规范整理中，将乾字之 ...

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