鞠

Pinyin: jū | Core Meaning: to bow, to raise (nurture), football (as in ancient 'cuju'), sometimes used as a surname.

基本信息 (Basic Information)

含义与用法 (Meanings & Usage)

中文核心释义 (Core Chinese Meaning): 弯身，抚养，足球（古代名为“蹴鞠”）；有时也作姓氏。

英文核心释义 (Core English Meaning): to bow, to raise (nurture), football (as in ancient 'cuju'), sometimes used as a surname.

“鞠”常用于“鞠躬”（弯腰行礼）、“鞠养”（抚养、教育），古代还指一种球类运动“蹴鞠”，现代则用得不多，主要见于成语或正式用语。 '鞠' is often used in words like '鞠躬' (to bow) and '鞠养' (to nurture/raise). In ancient China, it referred to a ball game '蹴鞠', considered an early form of football. In modern usage, it appears mainly in set phrases or formal contexts.

象形意义 / 为何这么写 (Pictographic Meaning / Writing Rationale)

“鞠”由“革”（表示皮革）和“匊”（表示双手捧物）组成，最早象征用皮制品（如皮球）由手捧持，引申为弯身、抚养等含义。'鞠' is composed of '革' (leather) and '匊' (hands holding something), originally symbolizing holding a leather object (such as a ball) in the hands, later extended to meanings like bowing and nurturing.

文言文释义 (Classical Chinese Meaning)

文言文中“鞠”有弯身、捧持、抚育、警惕等义，含义较丰富。In Classical Chinese, '鞠' had varied meanings such as to bow, to hold, to foster, and to be cautious.

深入学习 (In-depth Study)

字源故事 (Origin Story)

“鞠”字上部为“革”，表示皮革，下部为“匊”，象征用手捧物之意。最早与皮革制品或双手捧物相关。古时“鞠”为皮球，引申为抚养、弯腰等动作。The upper part of '鞠' is '革', signifying leather, and the lower part is '匊', which depicts hands holding something. Originally, the character related to leather objects or holding something in hands. In ancient times, '鞠' meant a leather ball, and later extended to nurturing and bowing actions.

字形演变 (Character Evolution)

甲骨文 (Oracle Bone Script):
甲骨文中未见“鞠”字，相关形体未考证。 '鞠' does not appear in Oracle Bone Script; relevant forms have not been identified.
金文 (Bronze Inscription):
金文用“革”表示皮革材料，下部像双手握物，表现手持物品之意，字形结构初具雏形。 In Bronze Inscriptions, the character uses '革' for leather, with the lower part resembling hands holding an object, forming the basic structure.
小篆 (Small Seal Script):
小篆中的“鞠”字结构分明，上为“革”，下为“匊”，形体更加规范统一。 In Small Seal Script, '鞠' has a clearer separation: '革' on top and '匊' below, more regular and standardized.
隶书 (Clerical Script):
隶书中“鞠”横画更加平直，笔画简化，结构更为方正规范。 In Clerical Script, '鞠' has more horizontal and straight strokes, simplified components, and a squarer form.
楷书 (现代) (Regular Script (Modern)):
现代楷书中“鞠”字结构清晰，上为“革”表示材料，下为“匊”表意，与标准写法一致。 '鞠' in modern regular script is clearly structured with '革' on top and '匊' below, consistent with the current standard form.

常用词语和例句 (Common Words & Examples)

鞠躬 (to bow (especially as a formal gesture of respect))

jū gōng

他向在场的观众深深鞠躬。

Pinyin: Tā xiàng zàichǎng de guānzhòng shēnshēn jūgōng.

Eng: He deeply bowed to the audience present.

鞠养 (to raise; to bring up (a child))

jū yǎng

父母辛苦鞠养子女。

Pinyin: Fùmǔ xīnkǔ jūyǎng zǐnǚ.

Eng: Parents work hard to raise their children.

蹴鞠 (cuju (an ancient Chinese ball game, precursor of soccer))

cù jū

蹴鞠是中国古代流行的体育活动。

Pinyin: Cùjū shì Zhōngguó gǔdài liúxíng de tǐyù huódòng.

Eng: Cuju was a popular sports activity in ancient China.

相关成语 (Related Idioms)

鞠躬尽瘁 jū gōng jìn cuì

Meaning: to devote oneself entirely to one's duties (to the utmost)

三国时期的诸葛亮在辅佐刘备后代时，兢兢业业，直至去世前仍为国家操劳，因此后人用“鞠躬尽瘁”形容他全心全意地奉献。 During the Three Kingdoms period, Zhuge Liang devoted himself heart and soul to assisting Liu Bei's successors, working tirelessly until his death. Thus, the idiom '鞠躬尽瘁' is used to describe wholehearted devotion to duty.

多语言翻译 (核心释义) (Translations (Core Meaning))

  • French: s’incliner, élever (enfant), balle (cuju)
  • German: sich verbeugen, aufziehen, Ball (cuju)
  • Spanish: inclinarse, criar, pelota (cuju)
  • Italian: inchinarsi, allevare, palla (cuju)
  • Portuguese: inclinar-se, criar, bola (cuju)
  • Russian: кланяться, воспитывать, мяч (цзюй)
  • Arabic: ينحني، يربي، كرة (لعبة كوجو)
  • Persian: تعظیم کردن، پرورش دادن، توپ (کوجو)
  • Dutch: buigen, opvoeden, bal (cuju)
  • Polish: kłaniać się, wychowywać, piłka (cuju)
  • Vietnamese: cúi chào, nuôi dưỡng, bóng (cuju)
  • Ukrainian: вклонитися, виховувати, м’яч (цзюй)

视频学习资源 (Video Learning Resources)

通过以下链接在热门视频网站搜索 "鞠" 的更多讲解：

Search for more explanations of "鞠" on popular video sites:

网络参考 (Web References for "鞠") ()

网络内容摘要 (Web Content Summary):

鞠（jū）是一个形声字，本义为古代用皮革制作的球，专指“蹴鞠”所用之皮球，是中国古代足球的雏形。鞠 (jū) is a phono-semantic character. Its original meaning refers to a leather ball used in ancient Chinese football game "cuju," considered an early version of soccer.

  • 字形与起源：“鞠”从“革”（与皮革有关），声旁为“匊”。“革”指用皮革制品，本义强调“鞠”为皮革制作。Form & Origin: The character contains "革" (leather), showing the connection to leather objects. The sound component is "匊". This reinforces its original meaning as a leather ball.

  • 其他意义及文化背景：“鞠”也有“审理”“询问”的意思，来自“假借字”的用法，如“鞫”，用于表示审理案件（例如：鞫问）。Other meanings & cultural background: "鞠" can also mean "to interrogate or judge (in a court)," borrowed from another character ("鞫") due to similar pronunciation.

  • 常见词语与成语：常见于“鞠躬尽瘁”（表达全心全意投入工作）、“蹴鞠”（古代足球）。要注意“鞠”用在“鞠躬”时作“弯腰”解，和本义不同。Common words & idioms: Found in phrases like "鞠躬尽瘁" (to devote one's utmost) and "蹴鞠" (ancient football). Note that in "鞠躬" (to bow), "鞠" means "to bend," different from its original "ball" meaning.

  • 易混淆点：“鞠”与“鞫”有借用关系，学习时需区分其用作“球”或“审问”时的不同含义。Common confusion: "鞠" is sometimes confused with "鞫" (to interrogate), so pay attention to the context: "ball" versus "judging/interrogation".

鞠字形演变字源_汉字「鞠」_鞠的甲骨文_鞠的金文_金文编_甲骨文编

下從幸、從人，構形命意近於「執」字，「幸」甲骨文作 ，像桎梏之形；「人」像伏罪跪坐之人，為「鞠」假借為「鞫」字，作「審理」解釋之語義來源。表示用皮革製作而成；從匊，表示音讀，是不示義的聲符，本義為蹴鞠所用之皮球。

鞠的解释|鞠的意思|汉典"鞠"字的基本解释 - 漢典

鞠 jū. 名 (1) (形声。 从革，匊( jú)声。从"革"，表示与皮革有关。本义:古时一种用来踢打玩耍的皮球。最早是结毛而成。后来用毛充填皮囊而成，宋代以后才有充气的皮球)

更多图片 (鞠 More Images) ()

鞠 - 更多图片 (More Images) (modelslab_artistic_v2)