借

Pinyin: jiè | Core Meaning: to borrow; to lend; to make use of something temporarily, usually with the intention of returning it.

基本信息 (Basic Information)

含义与用法 (Meanings & Usage)

中文核心释义 (Core Chinese Meaning): 暂时取得他人之物，事后归还；请求利用；用作某种由头或借口。

英文核心释义 (Core English Meaning): to borrow; to lend; to make use of something temporarily, usually with the intention of returning it.

“借”既可表示主动借入（如：向朋友借书），也可表示借出（如：借给别人）。口语中常与“给”、“用”、“一下”等搭配。除物品外，也可表达“借助、借用”某种条件或机会。 In modern Chinese, '借' can indicate both borrowing (taking temporarily) and lending (giving temporarily), though '借给' is often used to clarify lending. Commonly used with words like '书' (book), '钱' (money), or '用一下' (use for a while). Also used figuratively to mean 'make use of' circumstances or opportunities.

象形意义 / 为何这么写 (Pictographic Meaning / Writing Rationale)

“借”是形声字，左边“亻”表示与人有关，右边“昔”为声旁也寓意“时间的流转”。合并表达‘人暂时占用某物’的动作，有归还之意。'借' is a phono-semantic compound: the left radical '亻' indicates relation to a person, while the right component '昔' serves as the phonetic part and also suggests the passage of time. Together, they convey the idea of a person temporarily possessing something, implying it will be returned.

文言文释义 (Classical Chinese Meaning)

与现代意义相近，多指借用、借助、假托。Similar to modern meaning; mainly refers to borrowing, making use of, or feigning/using as a pretense.

深入学习 (In-depth Study)

字源故事 (Origin Story)

“借”最早见于战国时期的楚简。从字形来看，“借”由“亻”（人）和“昔”组成。'亻'指人，'昔'本义为过去，引申为时间有关的事物。合起来表示‘人暂时借用、占用某物’的意思，体现了人与物品、时间的关系。'借' first appeared in Warring States-era Chu slips. The character is formed from '亻' (person) and '昔' (which originally meant 'the past' or 'long ago', implying time). Combined, they suggest a person temporarily taking or using something — the essence of borrowing or lending, where the item is expected to be returned after a period.

字形演变 (Character Evolution)

甲骨文 (Oracle Bone Script):
甲骨文中没有“借”字的记载，因为“借”作为合体字成形时间稍晚。 The character '借' does not appear in Oracle Bone Script, as it developed later as a compound character.
金文 (Bronze Inscription):
在金文中，'借'的形体尚不常见，但相关字形开始出现，将“人”和表示时间的“昔”结合。 In Bronze Inscription, '借' itself is rare but related forms emerge, combining the person radical and an element representing time ('昔').
小篆 (Small Seal Script):
小篆中，“借”字由“亻”和“昔”组成，字形结构趋于规范清晰，已与现代字形类似。 In Small Seal Script, '借' consists of '亻' and '昔', forming a more standardized structure, quite similar to its modern form.
隶书 (Clerical Script):
隶书阶段，'借'的结构变得方正，棱角分明，一撇一捺更加明显，便于书写。 During the Clerical Script era, '借' became more square and angular, with clearer strokes, making it easier to write.
楷书 (现代) (Regular Script (Modern)):
现代楷书中，“借”字结构严谨，笔画分明，为当前通用的书写方式。 In modern Regular Script, '借' is neat and precise, with distinct strokes, forming the standard written character used today.

常用词语和例句 (Common Words & Examples)

借书 (to borrow books)

jiè shū

我想去图书馆借书。

Pinyin: Wǒ xiǎng qù túshūguǎn jiè shū.

Eng: I want to borrow books from the library.

借钱 (to borrow money)

jiè qián

他向朋友借钱买新电脑。

Pinyin: Tā xiàng péngyǒu jiè qián mǎi xīn diànnǎo.

Eng: He borrowed money from his friend to buy a new computer.

借口 (excuse; pretext)

jiè kǒu

他以工作忙为借口推辞了邀请。

Pinyin: Tā yǐ gōngzuò máng wéi jiè kǒu tuīcí le yāoqǐng.

Eng: He used being busy at work as an excuse to decline the invitation.

相关成语 (Related Idioms)

相关成语信息待补充。Related idiom information pending.

多语言翻译 (核心释义) (Translations (Core Meaning))

  • French: emprunter; prêter
  • German: leihen; borgen
  • Spanish: prestar; pedir prestado
  • Italian: prendere in prestito; prestare
  • Portuguese: emprestar; pedir emprestado
  • Russian: брать взаймы; одалживать
  • Arabic: يَسْتَعِير؛ يُقْرِض
  • Persian: قرض گرفتن؛ قرض دادن
  • Dutch: lenen; uitlenen
  • Polish: pożyczać
  • Vietnamese: mượn; cho mượn
  • Ukrainian: позичати

视频学习资源 (Video Learning Resources)

通过以下链接在热门视频网站搜索 "借" 的更多讲解：

Search for more explanations of "借" on popular video sites:

网络参考 (Web References for "借") ()

网络内容摘要 (Web Content Summary):

借的核心含义为“临时取用（如物品、话语等）而不据为己有”，可引申为参考、引用。例如，借钱指暂时取用金钱，借鉴意为参考别人的经验。 借 mainly means "to borrow (temporarily take/receive something without owning it)" or "to refer to, to quote." For example, 借钱 means "to borrow money," and 借鉴 means "to use others' experience as reference."

“借”字最早见于金文，其造字本义为“参照、引用古人之语或做法”，其中“人”旁表示人的行为，“昔”表示与过去相关，含有向古人学习的意味。 The character originated in bronze inscriptions. Its original meaning was "to refer to or quote from the ancients," combining the "person" (人) radical with "xi" (昔), implying learning from the past or others.

  • 易混点：“借”常与“藉”混用，尤其在古籍中。现代汉语中，两者含义有所区分。 Easily confused: “借” is sometimes confused with “藉” in classical texts, though their meanings differ in modern Chinese.

  • 常用词/成语：如“借口”（excuse, pretext）、“借助”（with the help of）、“借东风”（借用别人的帮助，from the idiom "借东风" meaning to make use of external help, often used metaphorically）。 Common words/phrases: Such as "借口" (excuse/pretext), "借助" (with the help of), and "借东风" (to take advantage of external conditions or help, from a well-known idiom).

文化小贴士：“借”不仅仅局限在个人层面，也可用作抽象、引申含义，如思想、办法的“借鉴”。 Culture note: “借” can refer to borrowing not only material things but also abstract things like ideas (as in "借鉴," to draw lessons from).

如需更深入的语源信息，可进一步查考相关汉字学文献。 For more detailed etymology, consult specialist literature on Chinese characters.

汉字"借"的起源、演变过程-汉字字源辞典

昔 ，既是声旁也是形旁，表示遥远的古代、过去。 借 ，金文 （人） （昔，古代、过去），表示与古人有关。 篆文 承续金文的字形。 造字本义：动词，参照、引用古人的话语或作法 。 隶书 将篆文字形中的 写成 ，将篆文字形中的"昔" 写成 。 古籍中常假" 藉 "为" 借 "。

借的解释|借的意思|汉典"借"字的基本解释 - 漢典

資昔切。古音在五部。按小徐本無此字，張次立乃依大徐增之，故曰資昔切，而不曰資昔反也。大徐依注義序例偏㫄所有而補正文者十九字，借其一也。序曰：六書六曰假借。又部叚下曰：借也。此處當有借篆可知矣。爾雅音義釋鳥唶唶下曰：說文云：借字也。

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