学习汉字 "德" (dé) - Learn Chinese Character "德"

基本信息 (Basic Information)

含义与用法 (Meanings & Usage)

中文核心释义 (Core Chinese Meaning): 道德，品德，善良的行为和品质。

英文核心释义 (Core English Meaning): virtue, morality, moral character, good conduct or quality

现代汉语中“德”主要指道德、品德、德行等抽象的好品质。常见于“品德”、“道德”、“美德”等词组，指人的良好行为规范。 In modern Chinese, '德' mainly refers to morality, virtue, or good character. It is commonly used in words like 'pǐndé' (character), 'dàodé' (morality), and 'měidé' (virtue), describing positive human qualities or ethical behavior.

象形意义 / 为何这么写 (Pictographic Meaning / Writing Rationale)

“德”是会意字，左边“彳”表示行走，右边上方“直”表示正直，下方“心”表示内心。表示处事行动要正直、内心要善良，合起来体现“德”的本义：以正直善良的心行事。'德' is an associative compound character. The left '彳' means to walk or act; the upper right '直' means upright; the lower right '心' means heart or mind. Combined, '德' suggests one should act with an upright and good heart, conveying the original sense of 'virtue.'

文言文释义 (Classical Chinese Meaning)

与现代意义相近，通常指道德、善行、恩泽、力量等，有时也指德政或天命。Similar to modern meaning; usually refers to virtue, good deeds, moral force, or sometimes benevolent governance or 'Mandate of Heaven.'

深入学习 (In-depth Study)

字源故事 (Origin Story)

“德”字最早见于商代甲骨文，最初的字形包含‘直’（表示正直）、‘心’（表示心灵），后在字形中加入‘彳’（表示行走），结合起来表示按照正直的心去做事，即为德。The character '德' first appeared in oracle bone script (Shang dynasty). Its ancient forms included '直' (upright/straight), '心' (heart/mind), and later '彳' (to walk/step). This combination suggests following one's upright heart in actions, embodying the concept of virtue.

字形演变 (Character Evolution)

甲骨文 (Oracle Bone Script):

甲骨文中的“德”结构较为复杂，通常包含“直”、“心”等部件，表示正直之心，字形抽象但能看出其构意。 In Oracle Bone Script, '德' was a complex structure combining elements from '直' (uprightness) and '心' (heart), visually conveying the idea of an upright heart. The form is abstract but conceptually indicative.

金文 (Bronze Inscription):

金文中的“德”比甲骨文更清晰，有‘彳’表示行走，‘直’和‘心’组合，体现出道德行为出自内心正直。 In Bronze Inscription, the character becomes clearer, featuring the '彳' radical (step), as well as '直' and '心', symbolizing that moral action comes from an upright heart.

小篆 (Small Seal Script):

小篆中“德”的结构更加规整，部件分明，已接近现代汉字形态。 In Small Seal Script, '德' is more standardized and clear, with distinct components that resemble the modern character.

隶书 (Clerical Script):

隶书中的“德”笔画变宽变扁，曲线变直，结构更稳定，便于书写。 In Clerical Script, the strokes become flatter and more linear, and the structure becomes more stable, making it easier to write.

楷书 (现代) (Regular Script (Modern)):

现代楷书“德”字结构规范，左为“彳”，右为“直”加“心”，已成为标准写法。 In modern Regular Script, '德' has a standardized structure: '彳' on the left, '直' plus '心' on the right. This is the standard, widely recognized form.

常用词语和例句 (Common Words & Examples)

道德 (morality; ethics)

dàodé

我们要遵守社会的道德规范。

Pinyin: Wǒmen yào zūnshǒu shèhuì de dàodé guīfàn.

Eng: We should abide by social moral standards.

美德 (virtue; good moral quality)

měidé

诚实是一种重要的美德。

Pinyin: Chéngshí shì yì zhǒng zhòngyào de měidé.

Eng: Honesty is an important virtue.

品德 (moral character)

pǐndé

他品德高尚，深受大家尊敬。

Pinyin: Tā pǐndé gāoshàng, shēn shòu dàjiā zūnjìng.

Eng: He has noble character and is highly respected by everyone.

多语言翻译 (核心释义) (Translations (Core Meaning))

French: vertu, moralité
German: Tugend, Moral
Spanish: virtud, moralidad
Italian: virtù, moralità
Portuguese: virtude, moralidade
Russian: добродетель, нравственность
Arabic: فضيلة، أخلاق
Persian: فضیلت، اخلاق
Dutch: deugd, moraliteit
Polish: cnota, moralność
Vietnamese: đức hạnh, đạo đức
Ukrainian: чеснота, мораль

视频学习资源 (Video Learning Resources)

通过以下链接在热门视频网站搜索 "德" 的更多讲解：

Search for more explanations of "德" on popular video sites:

在 Bilibili.com 搜索 "德字源说文解字" (Search on Bilibili)
在 YouTube.com 搜索 "德 character origin etymology" (Search on YouTube)

网络参考 (Web References for "德") ()

网络内容摘要 (Web Content Summary):

```html

德的核心含义是“道德”“品行”，指人的品德、道义或美德。 De (德) mainly means "morality," "virtue," or "ethics," referring to one's moral character or good conduct.

在甲骨文中，“德”字从“彳”（表示行走），以“直”为声符（“直”也有正直之意），金文后来又在下面加了“心”，强调正直的内心。因此，字形有“行走正道，内心正直”之意，体现中国文化中强调内外兼修的美德观念。 In ancient oracle bone script, "De" was composed of "彳" (step, representing walking/action) and the phonetic "直" (meaning straight/upright). In bronze inscriptions, a "心" (heart) was added beneath, symbolizing an upright heart. This shows the idea of "walking the right path with a righteous heart," which highlights the traditional Chinese value of both external behavior and internal virtue.

常见用法： “德”常见于词语如“道德”（morality）、“品德”（moral character）、“德行”（virtuous conduct）等。 Common usage: Often appears in words like "道德" (morality), "品德" (moral character), and "德行" (virtuous conduct).
常用成语： 如“有德者居之”（the virtuous should lead），强调以德服人。 Common idioms: Such as "有德者居之" (the virtuous should rule), emphasizing the importance of virtue.
“德”容易与“得”（to get/obtain）混淆，虽然发音相同但含义完全不同。 "德" is easily confused with "得" (to get/obtain) because they are homophones, but their meanings differ greatly.

文化上，“德”不仅仅是个人的品德，也是社会秩序和国家治理的重要理念。 Culturally, "De" is not only about personal morality but also a core value in social order and governance in Chinese tradition.

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细说汉字：德 - 漢文化 - 通識 - 漢典

又或从言。甲骨文德从彳，直声（目上一竖，为古"直"字。金文中竖上加了一点，点又逐渐变为一横）。金文多在直下加了一个"心"字，德遂以为声。㥁字从直从心，也是古"德"字。德本义为登、升。《说文》：" 德，升也。 "也常用以指道德、品德。

《说文解字》第287课：细说"德"字_德字 - 搜狐

因为"㥁"实际上就是古德字，而这里成了德的声符，所以也说说"德"字的字形发展，如图：（《字源》中所列的字形发展）甲骨文里，德从彳，直声（就是目上一竖，古"直"字。其实古"德"字结合后来的字义，有点会意的意思，眼中只有直道，可不 ...

德