科

Pinyin: kē | Core Meaning: subject, branch (of study or work), department, category.

基本信息 (Basic Information)

含义与用法 (Meanings & Usage)

中文核心释义 (Core Chinese Meaning): 门类，类别，多用于学科、部门，如“科学”、“科目”。

英文核心释义 (Core English Meaning): subject, branch (of study or work), department, category.

“科”常用于表示学科、专业类别，如“医学科”、“理科”；也用于政府或企业部门称谓，如“会计科”。此外，还见于“科学”、“科技”等词组。 ‘科’ is commonly used to indicate branches of study or categories, such as in ‘医学科’ (medical department), ‘理科’ (science stream), or for department names in organizations. It also appears in words like ‘科学’ (science) and ‘科技’ (technology).

象形意义 / 为何这么写 (Pictographic Meaning / Writing Rationale)

“科”字左为“禾”（谷物），右为“斗”（量器），表示用斗量禾，引申为分类、分门别类。The character '科' has '禾' (grain) on the left and '斗' (a measuring container) on the right, pictographically suggesting the measurement or division of grains; this gave rise to the meaning of categorizing or classifying.

文言文释义 (Classical Chinese Meaning)

文言文中“科”多指分门别类、条目，或官府查问、处罚的项目，与现代意义相近。In Classical Chinese, '科' often denoted categories, items, or official records of investigation or punishment, which is similar to its modern meaning.

深入学习 (In-depth Study)

字源故事 (Origin Story)

“科”最早由“禾”和“斗”组成，表示用斗量取禾谷，借指分类、分项。后来引申为分类、部门、学科等含义。'科' was originally composed of the components '禾' (grain) and '斗' (a measuring vessel), representing the act of measuring grains with a 'dou'. This meaning developed into the idea of categorizing or dividing, and was later extended to mean categories, departments, and branches of study.

字形演变 (Character Evolution)

甲骨文 (Oracle Bone Script):
目前未在甲骨文中发现“科”的明确字形，早期可能还未独立成字。 There are no confirmed examples of '科' in oracle bone inscriptions; it may not have existed independently as a character at that time.
金文 (Bronze Inscription):
金文中已出现“科”的字形，结构为“禾”上加“斗”，突出量取谷物的动作。 In bronze inscriptions, '科' began to appear, structured with '禾' over '斗', emphasizing the act of measuring grain.
小篆 (Small Seal Script):
小篆中“禾”与“斗”结构分明，字形较为修长，两部分分工明确。 In small seal script, the components '禾' and '斗' are clearly distinct and the character appears elongated with well-defined parts.
隶书 (Clerical Script):
隶书将“禾”和“斗”笔画变得平直，整体结构趋于横平竖直，逐渐接近现代字体结构。 In clerical script, the strokes became more horizontal and vertical, flattening out the character and making it approach its modern structure.
楷书 (现代) (Regular Script (Modern)):
现代楷书中“科”左为“禾”，右为“斗”，字形规范简明，广泛用于书写。 In modern regular script, '科' consists of '禾' on the left and '斗' on the right, with a standardized and clear appearance, widely used in writing.

常用词语和例句 (Common Words & Examples)

科学 (science)

kēxué

科学改变了我们的生活。

Pinyin: Kēxué gǎibiàn le wǒmen de shēnghuó.

Eng: Science has changed our lives.

科目 (subject (of study))

kēmù

你最喜欢哪一门科目？

Pinyin: Nǐ zuì xǐhuan nǎ yī mén kēmù?

Eng: Which subject do you like the most?

理科 (science division (as opposed to arts))

lǐkē

她在高中选择了理科方向。

Pinyin: Tā zài gāozhōng xuǎnzé le lǐkē fāngxiàng.

Eng: She chose the science track in high school.

科室 (department (esp. in hospital or office))

kēshì

你需要去内科科室看病。

Pinyin: Nǐ xūyào qù nèikē kēshì kànbìng.

Eng: You need to visit the internal medicine department for your illness.

相关成语 (Related Idioms)

相关成语信息待补充。Related idiom information pending.

多语言翻译 (核心释义) (Translations (Core Meaning))

  • French: branche, catégorie, discipline
  • German: Fach, Kategorie, Abteilung
  • Spanish: rama, categoría, asignatura
  • Italian: ramo, categoria, disciplina
  • Portuguese: ramo, categoria, disciplina
  • Russian: отрасль, категория, предмет
  • Arabic: فرع، فئة، قسم دراسي
  • Persian: شاخه، دسته، رشته تحصیلی
  • Dutch: tak, categorie, vak
  • Polish: dziedzina, kategoria, przedmiot
  • Vietnamese: ngành, bộ môn, hạng mục
  • Ukrainian: галузь, категорія, предмет

视频学习资源 (Video Learning Resources)

通过以下链接在热门视频网站搜索 "科" 的更多讲解：

Search for more explanations of "科" on popular video sites:

网络参考 (Web References for "科") ()

网络内容摘要 (Web Content Summary):

科（读音kē）是一个常用汉字，最早见于《说文》中的小篆。其字形由“禾”和“斗”组成，表示用斗量粮食，引申为区分、类别、等级的含义。 ‘科’ (pronounced kē) is a common Chinese character, first seen in the ancient dictionary Shuowen Jiezi. The character is composed of “禾” (grain) and “斗” (measuring tool), originally referring to measuring grain and hence extended to mean category, class, or grade.

  • 核心含义： 科的基本意思是“类别”“等级”“条文”等，常用于表示学科（如“科学”、“理科”）、科目、科举等。 Core meaning: Its primary meanings include “category”, “class”, or “regulation article”, and it is often seen in words relating to subjects (‘科学’ science, ‘理科’ science subjects) and the imperial examination (‘科举’).

  • 文化背景： 由“禾”和“斗”组成，体现古人以量化区分事物的思维方式，也与古代科举考试分科制度有关。 Cultural background: The components “禾” and “斗” reflect ancient practices of categorizing things by measured quantities, and the character is also relevant to the “keju” imperial exam system where subjects were divided into “ke”.

  • 常用词语： 科目（subject）、科学（science）、本科（undergraduate）、科长（section chief）、科举（imperial exam）。 Common phrases: 科目 (subject), 科学 (science), 本科 (undergraduate), 科长 (section chief), 科举 (imperial exam).

  • 易混淆点与用法： “科”常与“课”混淆。“科”强调分类、分门别类；“课”多指课程和教学。 Common confusion: “科” is easily confused with “课” (kè, lesson/class). “科” relates to categorization, while “课” refers more to lessons or curriculum.

如果需要更深入的字源信息，可查阅相关汉字字源辞典。 For deeper etymological study, specialized Chinese character etymology dictionaries are recommended.

汉字"科"的起源、演变过程-汉字字源辞典

汉字字源辞典收录13864条汉字词条，基本涵盖了常见汉字的字源解析，是汉字研究的必备工具。

科（汉语汉字）_百度百科

科（读音kē）是汉字通用规范一级字（常用字）。此字始见于《说文》中的小篆文字。《说文》中说"科，程也。从禾，从斗。斗者，量也。"可见该字本义为"区分"、"程度"、"类别"的意思。《广雅·释言》又云："科，条也。"这里"科"字引申为法律条文。

更多图片 (科 More Images) ()

科 - 更多图片 (More Images) (modelslab_artistic_v2)