相

Pinyin: xiāng | Core Meaning: mutual, each other; to look at, observe; appearance; to assist (as an official, 'minister')

基本信息 (Basic Information)

含义与用法 (Meanings & Usage)

中文核心释义 (Core Chinese Meaning): 相互、互相，看、观察，样子，辅佐、辅相（古代官职）

英文核心释义 (Core English Meaning): mutual, each other; to look at, observe; appearance; to assist (as an official, 'minister')

“相”在现代汉语中常用于表示“互相”或“彼此”，如“相爱”、“相互”；也可以表示“观察”，如“相面”；还可出现在职位名中，比如“首相”。与“互”字搭配最为常见。 '相' is commonly used in modern Chinese to indicate mutual action or state, as in '相爱' (to love each other) or '相互' (mutual). It can also mean 'to observe', as in '相面' (to read faces), and sometimes refers to official titles, such as '首相' (prime minister). Often used together with '互' or before verbs indicating action.

象形意义 / 为何这么写 (Pictographic Meaning / Writing Rationale)

“相”是会意字，左边的“木”表示树，右边的“目”表示眼睛，结合起来表示用眼睛看树，也引申为观察事物。后来，因‘看’需要彼此对视，所以有了‘互相’的意思。'相' is an associative compound character: the left part '木' means 'tree', and the right part '目' means 'eye'. Together, they suggest 'looking at a tree', thereby representing observation. Over time, since looking often involves two people, the meaning extended to 'each other' or 'mutual.'

文言文释义 (Classical Chinese Meaning)

文言文中‘相’主要指观察、辅佐、相貌等，与现代常用意义相近。In Classical Chinese, '相' mainly meant to observe, to assist, or appearance, which is similar to modern meanings.

深入学习 (In-depth Study)

字源故事 (Origin Story)

“相”字最早的含义是“看、观察”。古人造字时，用“目”（眼睛）和“木”（树）组合表示在树后面有人用眼睛观察，因此“相”有了观察、审视的意思。后来引申为互相、相互、辅佐、外貌等含义。The original meaning of '相' was 'to look at' or 'to observe'. In ancient script, the character combined the components for 'eye' (目) and 'tree' (木), depicting a person using their eye to observe from behind a tree. Thus, '相' took on the meaning of observing or examining, and later extended to mean mutual, to assist, or appearance.

字形演变 (Character Evolution)

甲骨文 (Oracle Bone Script):
甲骨文中的“相”，由“目”（眼睛）和“木”（树）两部分组成，形象地描绘了目在木旁，表达‘观察’的意思。 In Oracle Bone Script, '相' is made up of the 'eye' and 'tree' radicals, pictorially showing an eye next to a tree, conveying the idea of 'to observe'.
金文 (Bronze Inscription):
金文中的“相”结构与甲骨文类似，但线条更圆润，‘目’和‘木’的形体更规范清晰。 In Bronze Inscriptions, the structure of '相' is similar to Oracle Bone Script, but with smoother lines and a clearer, more standardized form of 'eye' and 'tree'.
小篆 (Small Seal Script):
小篆的“相”字形变得更加规整，‘目’和‘木’的部件精致并紧密连接。 In Small Seal Script, the layout of '相' became more regular, with refined and closely linked 'eye' and 'tree' components.
隶书 (Clerical Script):
隶书阶段“相”的字形横平竖直，线条简化，便于书写。 In Clerical Script, '相' takes on straighter and more horizontally aligned strokes, with simplified lines for easier writing.
楷书 (现代) (Regular Script (Modern)):
现代楷书中的“相”字形体端正，清晰地分为左边‘木’和右边‘目’两部分。 In modern Regular Script, '相' is neatly structured, clearly showing 'tree' (木) on the left and 'eye' (目) on the right.

常用词语和例句 (Common Words & Examples)

相互 (mutual, each other)

xiānghù

他们彼此相互帮助。

Pinyin: Tāmen bǐcǐ xiānghù bāngzhù.

Eng: They help each other.

首相 (prime minister)

shǒuxiàng

日本的首相刚刚发表了讲话。

Pinyin: Rìběn de shǒuxiàng gānggāng fābiǎo le jiǎnghuà.

Eng: The Japanese prime minister just made a speech.

相貌 (appearance, looks)

xiàngmào

他的相貌很有特色。

Pinyin: Tā de xiàngmào hěn yǒu tèsè.

Eng: His appearance is very distinctive.

相关成语 (Related Idioms)

相见恨晚 xiāng jiàn hèn wǎn

Meaning: Regret not having met earlier (deep friendship upon meeting)

“相见恨晚”原意为朋友一见如故，只恨相见太晚。常用来形容两个人志同道合，感叹为何不早认识。 The idiom '相见恨晚' originally describes friends who feel an instant bond, regretting not having met sooner. It is used to express kindred spirits who wish they'd met earlier.

多语言翻译 (核心释义) (Translations (Core Meaning))

  • French: mutuel, observer, apparence, ministre
  • German: gegenseitig, beobachten, Aussehen, Minister
  • Spanish: mutuo, observar, apariencia, ministro
  • Italian: reciproco, osservare, aspetto, ministro
  • Portuguese: mútuo, observar, aparência, ministro
  • Russian: взаимный, наблюдать, внешний вид, министр
  • Arabic: متبادل، يراقب، مظهر، وزير
  • Persian: متقابل، مشاهده کردن، ظاهر، وزیر
  • Dutch: wederzijds, observeren, uiterlijk, minister
  • Polish: wzajemny, obserwować, wygląd, minister
  • Vietnamese: lẫn nhau, quan sát, ngoại hình, thủ tướng
  • Ukrainian: взаємний, спостерігати, зовнішність, міністр

视频学习资源 (Video Learning Resources)

通过以下链接在热门视频网站搜索 "相" 的更多讲解：

Search for more explanations of "相" on popular video sites:

网络参考 (Web References for "相") ()

网络内容摘要 (Web Content Summary):

```html

核心含义与起源：“相”字（拼音：xiāng、xiàng）最早见于商代甲骨文和金文。其古字形像用眼观察树木，本义为“察看”或“观察”，即通过看来判断事物。 Core Meaning & Origin: The character "相" (pinyin: xiāng, xiàng) first appeared in Oracle Bone and Bronze inscriptions. Its original pictograph shows an eye observing a tree, meaning "to observe" or "to inspect", i.e., to judge by viewing.

引申与用法：“相”进一步引申为“占视”，即通过查看事物外貌或情状来预测吉凶。本字还可作名词，表示被观察到的情状、形貌，或指协助、辅助的人，如“丞相”（高官职位）。 Extended Meanings & Usage: "相" also extended to mean "to divine" (predict fortune through observation), and as a noun can mean "appearance" or "assistant," e.g., "丞相" (Chancellor, a high official).

  • 多音字提醒：“相”有两个常见读音： Polyphonic Character: "相" has two common pronunciations:
    • xiāng（如“相互 mutual”） xiāng (as in “mutual, each other”)
    • xiàng（如“相貌 appearance”, “相片 photo”） xiàng (as in “appearance”, “photo”)
  • 常用词与成语： “相互”（each other）、“相信”（believe）、“相同”（same）、“相处”（get along）、“面相”（facial appearance）等。 Common Words & Idioms: "相互" (each other), "相信" (believe), "相同" (same), "相处" (get along), "面相" (facial appearance), etc.
  • 易混淆点： 部分结构和读音不同，需根据语境判断，如“相声”（xiàngsheng, comic dialogue）和“相同”（xiāngtóng, same）。 Easily Confused Points: The structure and pronunciation change with context, e.g., “相声” (xiàngsheng, a traditional comedic performance) vs. “相同” (xiāngtóng, same).
```

相（汉语文字）_百度百科

相（拼音：xiāng、xiàng）是汉语通用规范一级汉字（常用字）。此字始见于商代甲骨文及商代金文，其古字形像用眼观察树木，本义是查看，即观察形状，加以判断。相又引申为占视，即根据事物外貌、外形和情状来占卜祸福。又引申作名词用，指所观察的情状、形貌，又指起辅助作用的人。

汉字"相"的起源、演变过程-汉字字源辞典

汉字字源辞典收录7747条汉字词条，基本涵盖了常见汉字的字源解析，是汉字研究的必备工具。 ... 查阅了不少参考资料，发现"相"字上下结构的极少，似乎解释为爬到树上远眺不妥。 ...

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