酷

Pinyin: kù | Core Meaning: Cruel, harsh; in modern times, also means 'cool' or fashionable.

基本信息 (Basic Information)

含义与用法 (Meanings & Usage)

中文核心释义 (Core Chinese Meaning): 非常严厉、残忍；现代也有“时髦、很棒”的意思。

英文核心释义 (Core English Meaning): Cruel, harsh; in modern times, also means 'cool' or fashionable.

“酷”作为形容词，传统表示冷酷、严厉，如“酷刑”（残忍的刑罚）。但在现代口语中，受英语“cool”的影响，常用来形容人或事物很时尚、很有个性，如“这个人很酷”。 As an adjective, '酷' traditionally means cruel or harsh (e.g., '酷刑' – torture). In colloquial modern Chinese, influenced by the English 'cool,' it is often used to describe someone or something as stylish, fashionable, or impressive (e.g., '他很酷' – he's very cool).

象形意义 / 为何这么写 (Pictographic Meaning / Writing Rationale)

“酷”是会意兼形声字，上部“告”作声旁，下部“酉”与酒相关。形体本意多与酒味辛辣、猛烈有关，由此引申至性情上的严厉和残忍。现代新义“时尚”则直接音译自英文“cool”。'酷' is an associative-phonetic character: the top part '告' provides the pronunciation, and the bottom '酉' relates to wine or alcohol, giving a meaning of intensity or pungency, thus extended to harshness or cruelty. Its modern sense of 'cool' is a direct phonetic borrowing from the English word.

文言文释义 (Classical Chinese Meaning)

主要表示残酷、严厉，与现代词义（时尚）不同。Mainly referred to cruelty or harshness, quite different from the modern sense of fashionableness.

深入学习 (In-depth Study)

字源故事 (Origin Story)

“酷”最早见于秦汉时期的文献，其结构由“酉”（与酒有关的偏旁）和“告”（表示通报、诉说）组成。原意与酒的味道浓烈、刺激相关，引申为猛烈、残酷。'酷' first appeared in documents from the Qin and Han dynasties. Its structure combines the '酉' radical (related to wine or fermentation) and the character '告' (meaning to inform or tell). The original meaning was associated with the strong or intense taste of wine, later extending to mean harsh or cruel.

字形演变 (Character Evolution)

甲骨文 (Oracle Bone Script):
“酷”字未见于甲骨文，相关字形主要出现在较晚时期。 The character '酷' does not appear in Oracle Bone Script; related forms emerged in later periods.
金文 (Bronze Inscription):
金文中亦未见“酷”，但“酉”部和“告”字在金文中已经出现，为后续“酷”字的形成提供了基础。 '酷' also does not appear in Bronze Inscriptions, but the radicals '酉' and '告' existed, laying the foundation for the later formation of '酷.'
小篆 (Small Seal Script):
小篆中出现“酷”字，结构为上部“告”下部“酉”，字体修长、结构对称，呈现出篆书的圆润流畅。 In Small Seal Script, '酷' appears with '告' above '酉.' The character looks elongated and symmetrical, with the smooth, rounded style of seal script.
隶书 (Clerical Script):
隶书中“酷”字笔画变得更加平直，结构趋向扁平化，更接近现代汉字的形态。 In Clerical Script, the strokes of '酷' become straighter and flatter, with a more horizontal layout, resembling the modern form.
楷书 (现代) (Regular Script (Modern)):
现代楷书中“酷”字结构规范，上部为“告”，下部为“酉”，笔画分明，已成为常用汉字。 In modern Regular Script, the structure of '酷' is standardized, with '告' on top and '酉' below. The strokes are clear and it is a commonly used character.

常用词语和例句 (Common Words & Examples)

酷刑 (torture; cruel punishment)

kùxíng

在古代，政府有时会对罪犯施以酷刑。

Pinyin: Zài gǔdài, zhèngfǔ yǒushí huì duì zuìfàn shīyǐ kùxíng.

Eng: In ancient times, the government would sometimes inflict torture on criminals.

很酷 (very cool; very stylish)

hěn kù

你的新发型很酷！

Pinyin: Nǐ de xīn fàxíng hěn kù!

Eng: Your new hairstyle is really cool!

相关成语 (Related Idioms)

相关成语信息待补充。Related idiom information pending.

多语言翻译 (核心释义) (Translations (Core Meaning))

  • French: Cruel ; génial, branché (moderne)
  • German: Grausam; cool (umgangssprachlich)
  • Spanish: Cruel; genial (moderno)
  • Italian: Crudele; forte, cool (moderno)
  • Portuguese: Cruel; legal (moderno)
  • Russian: Жестокий; крутой (разговорный)
  • Arabic: قاسٍ؛ رائع (حديثًا)
  • Persian: بی‌رحم؛ باحال (مدرن)
  • Dutch: Wreed; cool (modern)
  • Polish: Okrutny; fajny (potocznie)
  • Vietnamese: Tàn nhẫn; ngầu (thời hiện đại)
  • Ukrainian: Жорстокий; крутий (сучасне значення)

视频学习资源 (Video Learning Resources)

通过以下链接在热门视频网站搜索 "酷" 的更多讲解：

Search for more explanations of "酷" on popular video sites:

网络参考 (Web References for "酷") ()

网络内容摘要 (Web Content Summary):

酷 的核心含义是指“残酷、严厉”，但在现代汉语中，经常作为外来语“cool”的音译和意译，用来形容人或事物很潮、很有个性、值得欣赏。 酷 originally means "cruel" or "severe", but in modern Chinese it is often used as a transliteration and adaptation of the English word "cool", describing someone or something as trendy, unique, or admirable.

在汉字结构上，“酷”由“酉”（与酒相关）与“告”组成，有趣的是，传统上与“酷刑”等负面含义关联。 The character is composed of "酉" (wine or alcohol) and "告" (inform or tell). Traditionally, it relates to negative meanings such as "酷刑" (cruel punishment).

  • 特别用法：现代汉语中，形容“很酷”通常表示某人时尚、有型；要注意与原意“残酷”区分。例如：“他的穿着很酷。” Special Usage: In modern usage, "很酷" (very cool) means someone is stylish or impressive; be careful to distinguish it from the original meaning "cruel". E.g., "他的穿着很酷。" ("His outfit is very cool.")

  • 常见搭配：酷爱（deeply love），酷炫（very fancy/cool）。 Common Collocations: 酷爱 (deeply love, passionate for), 酷炫 (very cool, impressive).

易混淆点：初学者容易将“酷”只理解为“cool”，忽略其本义“残酷”。 Common Confusion: Beginners may only know "酷" as "cool", not realizing its original meaning of "cruel".

关于象形或字源的信息有限，具体起源目前缺乏详细公开资料。 Information about the pictographic origin or etymology is limited; detailed public records are currently lacking.

【酷】的甲骨文金文篆文字形演变含义 - 甲骨文研究网 甲骨文密码字典 在线甲骨文字典研究 - 甲骨文研究网 甲骨文密码字典 在线甲骨文字典研究 认路

附注 音译词："酷"之于英语 cool ，既是音译也是意译，形容词：表现另类而强烈、品质特异而值得欣赏的（参考义项②、义项③） 注：【甲骨密码】为本网观点，【其他解读】为摘录的别家观点，仅供个人研究参考之用，不得用于商业用途，转载、引用请注明 ...

汉字"酷"的起源与演变（源流）-汉字字源网

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