刘

Pinyin: liú | Core Meaning: A common Chinese surname; historically, also a verb meaning 'to cut' or 'to kill'.

基本信息 (Basic Information)

含义与用法 (Meanings & Usage)

中文核心释义 (Core Chinese Meaning): 中国常见姓氏之一，也作动词表示割、杀。

英文核心释义 (Core English Meaning): A common Chinese surname; historically, also a verb meaning 'to cut' or 'to kill'.

“刘”在现代汉语中主要用作姓氏，如“刘备”、“刘翔”等。作为动词的用法已非常少见，多见于古文。 '刘' is mainly used as a surname in modern Chinese (e.g., Liu Bei, Liu Xiang). Its meaning as a verb ('to cut' or 'to kill') is now rare and mostly seen in classical texts.

象形意义 / 为何这么写 (Pictographic Meaning / Writing Rationale)

“刘”原字形由“卯”（木头）和“刀”组成，象征用刀劈断木头，后来结构简化为‘文’和‘刂’。现代“刘”已不具象形意义。The original form of '刘' consisted of '卯' (wood) and '刀' (knife), symbolizing cutting wood with a knife; later, the structure was simplified to '文' and '刂'. The modern '刘' no longer carries pictographic meaning.

文言文释义 (Classical Chinese Meaning)

在文言文中，“刘”多作动词，意为割、劈、杀。现今主要作为姓氏使用。'刘' was mostly a verb in Classical Chinese, meaning 'to cut', 'to split', or 'to kill'. Today it is mainly used as a surname.

深入学习 (In-depth Study)

字源故事 (Origin Story)

“刘”最早见于战国竹简和金文，最初用作动词，意为割、断。后来被作为姓氏使用。汉高祖刘邦开创汉朝后，“刘”成为著名的皇族姓氏，逐渐普及。The character '刘' first appeared in Warring States bamboo slips and bronze inscriptions, originally used as a verb meaning 'to cut' or 'to sever.' Later, it became a surname; after Emperor Gaozu of Han (Liu Bang) founded the Han Dynasty, 'Liu' became a famous royal surname and spread widely.

字形演变 (Character Evolution)

甲骨文 (Oracle Bone Script):
“刘”在甲骨文中未见，其最早形式出现在较晚的金文和竹简中。 The character '刘' is not found in oracle bone script; its earliest forms appear later in bronze inscriptions and bamboo slips.
金文 (Bronze Inscription):
金文中的“刘”由“卯”和“𠬛（刀）”组合，象征用刀劈断木头，表示‘割’、‘杀’的意思。 In Bronze Inscriptions, '刘' is composed of '卯' and '𠬛 (knife)' components, symbolizing splitting wood with a knife, conveying ideas of 'cutting' or 'killing'.
小篆 (Small Seal Script):
小篆将“刘”规范为左边‘卯’，右边‘刀’，结构更整齐，线条圆润。 Small Seal Script standardizes '刘' with '卯' on the left and '刀' (knife) on the right, with more regular and rounded lines.
隶书 (Clerical Script):
隶书中“刘”的结构变扁，笔画简化，刀的形状更接近现代写法。 In Clerical Script, '刘' becomes flatter, strokes are simplified and the 'knife' component is closer to the modern writing.
楷书 (现代) (Regular Script (Modern)):
现代楷书“刘”字结构为左‘文’，右‘刂’（立刀旁），取代了古字的‘卯’，更简洁明了。 In modern Regular Script, '刘' is composed of '文' on the left and '刂' (standing knife) on the right, replacing the old '卯' component for a simpler and clearer structure.

常用词语和例句 (Common Words & Examples)

刘备 (Liu Bei (a famous historical figure, founder of the Shu Han state in the Three Kingdoms period))

Liú Bèi

刘备是三国时期蜀汉的开国皇帝。

Pinyin: Liú Bèi shì Sānguó shíqī Shǔ Hàn de kāiguó huángdì.

Eng: Liu Bei was the founding emperor of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period.

刘翔 (Liu Xiang (famous Chinese Olympic hurdler))

Liú Xiáng

刘翔曾获得奥运会男子110米栏金牌。

Pinyin: Liú Xiáng céng huòdé Àoyùnhuì nánzǐ yī bǎi yīshí mǐ lán jīnpái.

Eng: Liu Xiang once won the gold medal in the men's 110-meter hurdles at the Olympics.

相关成语 (Related Idioms)

相关成语信息待补充。Related idiom information pending.

多语言翻译 (核心释义) (Translations (Core Meaning))

  • French: Liu (nom de famille chinois)
  • German: Liu (chinesischer Nachname)
  • Spanish: Liu (apellido chino)
  • Italian: Liu (cognome cinese)
  • Portuguese: Liu (sobrenome chinês)
  • Russian: Лю (китайская фамилия)
  • Arabic: ليو (اسم عائلة صيني)
  • Persian: لیو (نام خانوادگی چینی)
  • Dutch: Liu (Chinese achternaam)
  • Polish: Liu (chińskie nazwisko)
  • Vietnamese: Lưu (họ Trung Quốc)
  • Ukrainian: Лю (китайське прізвище)

视频学习资源 (Video Learning Resources)

通过以下链接在热门视频网站搜索 "刘" 的更多讲解：

Search for more explanations of "刘" on popular video sites:

网络参考 (Web References for "刘") ()

网络内容摘要 (Web Content Summary):

  • 核心含义与起源：“刘”最早见于甲骨文，本义为杀，后来指一种斧钺类武器，和刀、金属有关。这个字最原始的含义就是指古代的一种战斧。 Core meaning & origin: "刘" (Liú) first appeared in oracle bone inscriptions. Its original meaning was "to kill" and later referred to an ancient axe-like weapon, relating to knives and metals. The fundamental meaning is an ancient battle axe.

  • 文化背景趣闻：《说文解字》中没有“刘”字，主要是因为汉朝皇帝姓“刘”，文献编者避讳。 Cultural note: The character was omitted from the classic dictionary "Shuowen Jiezi" to avoid using the Liu family name of Han emperors.

  • 常用用法与注意点：今天，“刘”最常见的用法是作为姓氏。例如中国著名的历史人物刘备（Liú Bèi）。“刘”与“柳”（liǔ，意为柳树）读音相近，容易混淆。 Modern usage & caution: Today, "刘" is mainly used as a common Chinese surname. For example, Liu Bei, a famous historical figure. Be careful not to confuse it with "柳" (liǔ, meaning willow), which sounds similar.

  • 常用词与短语：常见于人名，如刘涛、刘翔等，现代已不再用本义。 Common words/phrases: Mostly seen in personal names like Liu Tao or Liu Xiang; its original meaning is rarely used today.

信息补充：提取的信息主要涉及字源、演变和常用姓氏，较少成语或现代其他用法。如果需要深入了解，可查阅相关汉字字典。 Note: Most extracted information is about etymology and surname usage; few idioms or modern phrases involve this character. Refer to Chinese dictionaries for more details.

刘（汉语汉字）_百度百科

刘，汉语一级字，读作liú或liǔ，最早见于甲骨文 [1] 。 本义是杀，后延伸至表示斧钺类武器等。《 说文解字 》大概是因避汉皇帝刘姓之讳而失收，但有以"刘"作偏旁的字且"鐂"字不见于史传，徐锴据此推断繁体"刘"因屈曲的"刀"（刂）被误作"田"而讹误为"鐂"，汉字工具书一般采用 ...

刘氏家族："劉"字形义与刘氏来源 - 知乎 - 知乎专栏

根据语源学的规律，我们可以推出，刘字的本义与刀和金属有关。在刘字的11种字义中，符合这一条件的只有"斧钺类兵器名"这一解释。 可见，"刘"字的最原始、最根本的含义，是指称一种战斧。 这一推论，还可以得到相关文献和权威的印证。

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刘 - 更多图片 (More Images) (modelslab_artistic_v2)