先

Pinyin: xiān | Core Meaning: first; before; earlier; previous; to go before.

基本信息 (Basic Information)

含义与用法 (Meanings & Usage)

中文核心释义 (Core Chinese Meaning): 在时间、顺序上走在前面；首先；前面的。

英文核心释义 (Core English Meaning): first; before; earlier; previous; to go before.

“先”常用来表示时间或顺序上的“首先、优先”，例如“先来后到”、“先生”。有时也用作动词，表示“先行一步”。 '先' is commonly used to indicate precedence in time or order, such as 'first' or 'before' (e.g., in phrases like 'come first, leave later'). It can also function as a verb, meaning 'to go before' or 'to do something first'.

象形意义 / 为何这么写 (Pictographic Meaning / Writing Rationale)

‘先’的字形上部为‘牛’的变体，实际来源是声旁，下部为‘儿’，表示人，整体是会意兼形声字，表示人在前面走的意思，强调‘在前’、‘先行’。The top part of '先' resembles a variant of 'niu' (cow), used for its sound, while the bottom '儿' means 'person.' Structurally, it is both ideographic and phono-semantic, depicting a person at the front, emphasizing the sense of 'going ahead' or 'being first.'

文言文释义 (Classical Chinese Meaning)

与现代意义相近，常指‘在前’、‘先前’、‘首先’。Similar to modern meaning, most often referring to 'before', 'previous', or 'first'.

深入学习 (In-depth Study)

字源故事 (Origin Story)

“先”字最早见于甲骨文，其结构由“止”（脚，表示行走）和“儿”（人形，代表人）组成，表示人脚步在前，表示走在人的前面，引申为“先行”、“先前”。'先' first appeared in oracle bone script. Its structure combines '止' (foot, indicating movement) and '儿' (person, representing a human figure). This illustrates a person's feet moving ahead, meaning 'to go before', and extending to the senses of 'earlier' or 'first'.

字形演变 (Character Evolution)

甲骨文 (Oracle Bone Script):
甲骨文中的“先”，上部像一个人的头和身体，下部为‘止’（脚），整体像一个人走在前面，表示‘在前’的意思。 In Oracle Bone Script, '先' showed a head and torso at the top and a 'foot' (止) at the bottom, resembling a person moving ahead, signifying the concept of 'before' or 'to go ahead'.
金文 (Bronze Inscription):
金文中的‘先’字结构与甲骨文类似，但线条更加圆润，并将‘止’与‘儿’的结合更为紧密。 '先' in Bronze Inscriptions kept a similar structure to Oracle Bone Script, but the lines became smoother, and the combination of 'foot' and 'person' became more unified.
小篆 (Small Seal Script):
小篆时期‘先’的结构变为更加规范统一，上下分明，‘止’和‘儿’的形态清晰可辨。 In the Small Seal Script era, '先' became more standardized and symmetrical, clearly separating the parts for 'foot' and 'person'.
隶书 (Clerical Script):
隶书中的‘先’字体结构进一步简化，笔画转为平直，更易于书写。 In Clerical Script, the structure of '先' was simplified further, with flatter and straighter strokes, making it easier to write.
楷书 (现代) (Regular Script (Modern)):
现代楷书中的‘先’，已经固定为由‘牛’和‘儿’组成的形态，结构紧凑，书写规范。 In modern Regular Script, '先' consists of the components '牛' (though here it corresponds to a variant for sound) and '儿', forming a compact and standardized character.

常用词语和例句 (Common Words & Examples)

先生 (Mr.; sir; teacher (polite address for a man))

xiānsheng

这位先生是我的老师。

Pinyin: Zhè wèi xiānsheng shì wǒ de lǎoshī.

Eng: This gentleman is my teacher.

先后 (in succession; order; one after another)

xiānhòu

他先后去了北京和上海。

Pinyin: Tā xiānhòu qùle Běijīng hé Shànghǎi.

Eng: He went to Beijing and Shanghai one after another.

优先 (priority; to have priority)

yōuxiān

老人和儿童优先上车。

Pinyin: Lǎorén hé értóng yōuxiān shàng chē.

Eng: The elderly and children have priority getting on the bus.

相关成语 (Related Idioms)

先见之明 xiānjiàn zhī míng

Meaning: foresight; the ability to foresee

传说中有位智者能预见未来，被誉为有‘先见之明’，这个成语现用来形容能预先看到事物发展的人。 Legend tells of a wise person who could foresee the future and was said to have 'foresight'. Now, this idiom is used to describe someone with the ability to anticipate future developments.

多语言翻译 (核心释义) (Translations (Core Meaning))

  • French: premier, avant, d'abord
  • German: zuerst, vor, früher
  • Spanish: primero, antes, previo
  • Italian: primo, prima, precedere
  • Portuguese: primeiro, antes, anterior
  • Russian: первый, прежде, раньше
  • Arabic: أولاً، قبل، سابق
  • Persian: اول، قبل، پیش
  • Dutch: eerst, voor, vooraf
  • Polish: pierwszy, przed, wcześniejszy
  • Vietnamese: trước, đầu tiên, ưu tiên
  • Ukrainian: перший, перед, раніше

视频学习资源 (Video Learning Resources)

通过以下链接在热门视频网站搜索 "先" 的更多讲解：

Search for more explanations of "先" on popular video sites:

网络参考 (Web References for "先") ()

网络内容摘要 (Web Content Summary):

  • 核心含义：“先”本义为“走在前面”或“前进”，表示领先、带领之意。 Core meaning: "先" originally means "to go ahead" or "to advance," signifying lead or take the lead.

  • 象形起源：甲骨文字形由“止（脚）”和“人”组成，表示人的脚在别人前面，象征前进。 Pictographic Origin: The oracle bone script of "先" combines "止" (foot) and "人" (person), showing a person's foot in front of others, symbolizing advancement.

  • 演变与误用：篆书中曾误用“之”和“儿”组成，隶书后逐渐讹变成现今的写法。 Evolution and Alterations: In seal script, "先" was mistakenly written with "之" and "儿". Later, the clerical script form further evolved into its current appearance.

  • 常用词及成语：常见用法有“先生”（mister, teacher）、“先后”（order, sequence）、成语如“身先士卒”（lead troops personally from the front）。 Common Words & Idioms: Common usages include "先生" (mister, teacher), "先后" (order/sequence), and idioms like "身先士卒" (to lead troops personally from the front).

  • 易混淆点：“先”作为动词时意为带头、领先，作为名词时可指“已故的长辈或前人”，如“先父”。 Possible Confusion: As a verb, "先" means to lead or be in front; as a noun, it can refer to deceased elders or predecessors, e.g., "先父" (late father).

注意：“先”这个字在表达顺序、优先或者敬称长辈时十分常用。 Note: "先" is commonly used to express order, precedence, or as a respectful title for elders.

先字形演变字源_汉字「先」_先的甲骨文_先的金文_金文编_甲骨文编

甲骨文從止從人，示腳趾在人前，有領先、帶領的意思。在六書中屬於異文會意。字有往意。篆文則誤從之從儿。隸書後形更訛變。 汉字：「先」 字形演变 字源演变 乙3798(甲) 甲218(甲) 先壺(金)商代晚期 沈子它簋蓋(金)西周早期 師望鼎(金)西周中期

【先，筅，诜，詵】的甲骨文金文篆文字形演变含义 - 甲骨文研究网 甲骨文密码字典 在线甲骨文字典研究 - 甲骨文研究网 甲骨文密码字典 在线 ...

附 文言版《説文解字》：先，前進也。从儿，从之。凡先之屬皆从先。 附 白话版《说文解字》：先，前进。字形采用"儿、之"会义。所有与先相关的字，都采用"先"作边旁。 文言文名句摘抄 ①动词：走在他人前面。 / 身先士卒 先，前进也。-----《说文》

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