学习汉字 "癣" (xuǎn) - Learn Chinese Character "癣"

基本信息 (Basic Information)

含义与用法 (Meanings & Usage)

中文核心释义 (Core Chinese Meaning): 皮肤病，一种由真菌引起的慢性或顽固性皮肤病，常表现为皮肤或头皮起白屑、发痒，如“头癣”、“体癣”等。

英文核心释义 (Core English Meaning): Ringworm; a chronic or stubborn skin disease caused by fungus, often appearing as itchy, scaly patches on the skin or scalp, e.g., tinea, dermatophytosis.

“癣”多用于医学领域，指皮肤上由真菌感染引起的病症。常与部位名称搭配，如“头癣”“体癣”“手癣”“脚癣”。在日常口语中也用于形容皮肤出现斑块、发痒的状况。 In modern Chinese, '癣' is mostly used in medical contexts to refer to skin diseases caused by fungal infections, such as tinea or ringworm. It is often used together with body parts, e.g., '头癣' (scalp ringworm), '手癣' (hand ringworm), '脚癣' (athlete's foot).

象形意义 / 为何这么写 (Pictographic Meaning / Writing Rationale)

“癣”字为形声字，左边‘疒’表示病，右边‘宣’起发音作用。整体意为与皮肤病相关的字，结构上通过部首和声旁表现含义与读音。'癣' is a phono-semantic compound character: the left part '疒' signifies illness or disease, while the right part '宣' provides the pronunciation. The structure illustrates its meaning as a kind of disease, indicated by the relevant radical and phonetic component.

文言文释义 (Classical Chinese Meaning)

与现代意义相近，指顽固难治的皮肤病或癍痕。Similar to modern meaning, referring to stubborn, hard-to-treat skin diseases or blemishes.

深入学习 (In-depth Study)

字源故事 (Origin Story)

“癣”字从“疒”（表示疾病）旁，从“宣”声。古代中医记载“癣”为反复顽固的皮肤病，字形结合了表示疾病的部首与语音成分。The character '癣' is formed with the '疒' radical, indicating disease, and the phonetic component '宣'. In ancient Chinese medicine, '癣' referred to persistent skin diseases. The character combines the disease radical and a phonetic element.

字形演变 (Character Evolution)

甲骨文 (Oracle Bone Script):

甲骨文未发现“癣”字的明确写法，其相关疾病一般用其他疾病类字表达。 No distinct form of '癣' found in Oracle Bone Script; related skin diseases were described using other medical characters.

金文 (Bronze Inscription):

金文中“癣”字也未独立出现，疾病相关文字多采用“疒”旁，但具体到“癣”未有确切例证。 The character '癣' does not appear independently in Bronze Inscriptions; general disease terms used the '疒' radical but '癣' specifically is not evidenced.

小篆 (Small Seal Script):

小篆中“癣”字由“疒”加“宣”组成，首次与现代字形较为接近，清晰表达出疾病与语音的结合。 In Small Seal Script, '癣' is composed of the '疒' (disease) radical and '宣' (phonetic), coming close to the modern shape, clearly combining meaning and sound.

隶书 (Clerical Script):

隶书阶段“癣”字结构趋向方正规范，部首和声旁连接更紧密。 In Clerical Script, the structure of '癣' becomes more regular and squared, with the radical and phonetic parts closely joined.

楷书 (现代) (Regular Script (Modern)):

现代楷书中“癣”字使用最广，结构清晰，为疒部左侧加宣。 In modern Regular Script, '癣' is widely used, with a clear structure: the '疒' radical on the left and '宣' on the right.

常用词语和例句 (Common Words & Examples)

头癣 (scalp ringworm)

tóu xuǎn

小明得了头癣，需要去医院治疗。

Pinyin: Xiǎomíng déle tóu xuǎn, xūyào qù yīyuàn zhìliáo.

Eng: Xiaoming got scalp ringworm and needs to go to the hospital for treatment.

脚癣 (athlete's foot (tinea pedis))

jiǎo xuǎn

夏天容易得脚癣，要注意卫生。

Pinyin: Xiàtiān róngyì dé jiǎo xuǎn, yào zhùyì wèishēng.

Eng: It's easy to get athlete's foot in summer, so pay attention to hygiene.

多语言翻译 (核心释义) (Translations (Core Meaning))

French: teigne (maladie de la peau), mycose
German: Flechte (Hautkrankheit), Pilzinfektion
Spanish: tiña (enfermedad cutánea), dermatofitosis
Italian: tigna (malattia della pelle), micosi
Portuguese: micose (tínea), doença da pele
Russian: лишай (кожная болезнь), микоз
Arabic: السعفة (مرض جلدي فطري)
Persian: قارچ پوستی (درماتوفیتوز، تینیا)
Dutch: ringworm (huidaandoening), schimmelinfectie
Polish: grzybica skóry (liszaj, tinea)
Vietnamese: hắc lào (bệnh nấm da)
Ukrainian: стригучий лишай (шкірне захворювання)

视频学习资源 (Video Learning Resources)

通过以下链接在热门视频网站搜索 "癣" 的更多讲解：

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在 Bilibili.com 搜索 "癣字源说文解字" (Search on Bilibili)
在 YouTube.com 搜索 "癣 character origin etymology" (Search on YouTube)

网络参考 (Web References for "癣") ()

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癣