故

Pinyin: gù | Core Meaning: cause, reason, incident, former, deceased (honorific)

基本信息 (Basic Information)

含义与用法 (Meanings & Usage)

中文核心释义 (Core Chinese Meaning): 原因，缘故，旧的，去世（用于敬语）

英文核心释义 (Core English Meaning): cause, reason, incident, former, deceased (honorific)

“故”常用于表示原因（如“事故”、“故意”），或表示“过去的、以前的”（如“故人”）。在书面语、中性或正式语境中常见，可作连词用（如“因此”、“所以”之意）。也用于表示对逝者的敬称（如“故父”）。 '故' is often used to express the idea of cause, reason (as in '事故', '故意'), or former/old (as in '故人' meaning 'old friend' or 'the deceased'). It often appears in written or formal contexts and can function as a conjunction (similar to 'therefore'). It is also used as an honorific prefix for the deceased ('故父' = 'the late father').

象形意义 / 为何这么写 (Pictographic Meaning / Writing Rationale)

“故”由“古”（表示古老、过去）和“攵”（表示动作、做事）组成，字形意味着对过去的事情进行探究或说明，引申为“原因”“缘由”。'故' is composed of '古' (meaning old, ancient) and '攵' (meaning an action or to do). The structure suggests investigating or explaining something from the past, which was extended to mean 'cause' or 'reason.'

文言文释义 (Classical Chinese Meaning)

文言文中“故”常作连词，表示“所以、因此”，也有“旧的、以前的”或“原因、缘由”的意思，意义与现代非常接近。In Classical Chinese, '故' often serves as a conjunction meaning 'therefore' or 'thus,' or as 'old/former' and 'cause/reason.' Its meaning is very similar to modern usage.

深入学习 (In-depth Study)

字源故事 (Origin Story)

“故”最早见于甲骨文，由“古”（意为古老、老的）和“攵”（“又”+“攴”，表示动作、做事）组成，表示“回顾过去”或“述说原因”。最初多与“原因、事情”相关，后来引申出“旧的、过世的人”等含义。The character '故' first appeared in oracle bone script and is composed of '古' (meaning ancient, old) and '攵' (a variant of '又' + '攴', meaning an action or to do something). It originally depicted 'looking back at the past' or 'explaining a reason.' Over time, it extended to meanings like 'cause,' 'reason,' 'old,' and 'deceased.'

字形演变 (Character Evolution)

甲骨文 (Oracle Bone Script):
甲骨文中“故”字由“古”与带手形的符号组合而成，下方像一只手，整体结构较为简略，表达“原因”或“故旧”的意思。 In oracle bone script, '故' was composed of '古' and a hand-like symbol below, forming a simplified structure representing 'reason' or 'ancient'.
金文 (Bronze Inscription):
金文中的“故”形态更加规范，顶部为“古”，下部为“攴”（持棍状动作的手），结构比甲骨文清晰，出现频率增多。 In bronze inscriptions, the form of '故' became more standardized, with '古' on top and '攴' (a hand holding a stick) at the bottom, with greater clarity and increased frequency of appearance.
小篆 (Small Seal Script):
小篆中“故”上下结构分明，“古”与下方的“攴”排布紧凑，线条流畅。 In Small Seal Script, '故' has a clear top-bottom structure: '古' over '攴', with smooth, compact lines.
隶书 (Clerical Script):
隶书中的“故”字笔画趋于平直，结构宽展，已较接近现代汉字形态。 In clerical script, '故' features more horizontal and straight strokes, a broader structure, and is closer to the modern shape.
楷书 (现代) (Regular Script (Modern)):
现代楷书中的“故”字结构稳定，上部为“古”，下部为“攵”，笔画规范，广泛用于书面语。 In modern Regular Script, '故' has a stable structure with '古' on the top and '攵' on the bottom; the strokes are standardized and widely used in written Chinese.

常用词语和例句 (Common Words & Examples)

故意 (deliberately, on purpose)

gùyì

他不是故意的，请别生气。

Pinyin: Tā bù shì gùyì de, qǐng bié shēngqì.

Eng: He didn't do it on purpose, please don't be angry.

事故 (accident, incident)

shìgù

工厂发生了一起安全事故。

Pinyin: Gōngchǎng fāshēngle yīqǐ ānquán shìgù.

Eng: An accident occurred at the factory.

故人 (old friend, deceased friend)

gùrén

多年未见，故人依然如故。

Pinyin: Duōnián wèi jiàn, gùrén yīrán rúgù.

Eng: After many years apart, the old friend is still the same.

相关成语 (Related Idioms)

故步自封 gù bù zì fēng

Meaning: to stick to old ways and refuse progress

“故步自封”原指竞赛时因脚步慢而自划界限，比喻守旧不进取，自我满足，不求进步。 '故步自封' originally referred to marking out one's own limit in a race due to slow steps, now used to describe someone sticking to old ways, being self-satisfied, and refusing to make progress.

多语言翻译 (核心释义) (Translations (Core Meaning))

  • French: cause, raison, ancien
  • German: Ursache, Grund, ehemalig
  • Spanish: causa, razón, antiguo
  • Italian: causa, ragione, antico
  • Portuguese: causa, razão, antigo
  • Russian: причина, повод, бывший
  • Arabic: سبب، علة، قديم
  • Persian: دلیل، علت، قدیمی
  • Dutch: oorzaak, reden, voormalig
  • Polish: przyczyna, powód, dawny
  • Vietnamese: nguyên nhân, lý do, cũ
  • Ukrainian: причина, підстава, колишній

视频学习资源 (Video Learning Resources)

通过以下链接在热门视频网站搜索 "故" 的更多讲解：

Search for more explanations of "故" on popular video sites:

网络参考 (Web References for "故") ()

网络内容摘要 (Web Content Summary):

故的核心含义是“旧的、过去的”以及“原因、缘故”。 故 primarily means “old, former” and also “reason, cause”.

在字形起源方面，“故”字的形旁表现为手持器具之象，原本与处理事务有关，声旁古为会意（“十”与“口”组成），在字中也兼作表音部分。 For its pictographic origin, the radical suggests a hand holding a tool (related to dealing with affairs), while the phonetic part “古” indicates its pronunciation.

  • 常见用法： “故”常用于表示原因，如“因此（故此）”；用于表示过去的、原来的，如“故乡”（hometown）、“故人”（old friend）、“故居”（former residence）。 Common usages: “故” is used to indicate cause (e.g., “故此” = “therefore”), or something former (e.g., “故乡” = “hometown”, “故人” = “old friend”, “故居” = “former residence”).
  • 成语/词组： 常见词组包括“故意”（on purpose/intentionally）、“故宫”（the Forbidden City）、“故事”（story）、“故障”（malfunction, not listed above but commonly used）。成语如“故伎重演”（repeat the old trick）、“故态复萌”（relapse into old habits）。 Idioms/Compounds: Common compounds include “故意” (“intentionally”), “故宫” (“the Forbidden City”), “故事” (“story”). Idioms: “故伎重演” (repeat an old trick), “故态复萌” (old habits die hard).
  • 易混淆点： “故”与“古”音近，但“故”多跟理由、过去和专指某地/人相关；“古”强调古代、年代久远；二者不可混用。 Common confusion: “故” and “古” sound similar. “故” refers more to cause/reasons or something/someone former; “古” means “ancient/old in age”. Do not confuse the usage.

如果想加深对“故”的理解，建议结合词语和成语一起学习，注意区分与“古”的用法。 To deepen understanding, study “故” together with related words and idioms; be careful not to mix it up with “古”.

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