学习汉字 "商" (shāng) - Learn Chinese Character "商"

基本信息 (Basic Information)

含义与用法 (Meanings & Usage)

中文核心释义 (Core Chinese Meaning): 商业、买卖、商议，也指中国历史上的商朝

英文核心释义 (Core English Meaning): commerce, trade, business; to discuss; also refers to the Shang Dynasty in ancient China

“商”多用于与买卖、商业相关的词语，如“商店”、“商人”。也用作动词，表示讨论、商议，如“商量”。此外，“商”还可指中国古代的商朝。 Mainly used with meanings related to commerce and business, as in '商店' (store), '商人' (merchant). As a verb, it means to discuss or consult, like in '商量' (to discuss). It may also refer to the ancient Shang Dynasty.

象形意义 / 为何这么写 (Pictographic Meaning / Writing Rationale)

“商”并非纯粹的象形字，而是会意字。上部可能代表屋顶或高台，表示集市或重要场所；下部的“口”常解释为聚集或言谈，表达商议、讨论之意，也有交易、买卖的含义。'商' is an associative compound rather than a purely pictographic character. The top may symbolize a roof or terrace, indicating a marketplace or significant location; the bottom is '口' (mouth), often interpreted as gathering or speech, conveying the ideas of discussing, negotiating, and also trade.

文言文释义 (Classical Chinese Meaning)

文言文中，“商”既指商朝，也可表示音律中的五声音阶之一，还常用作买卖、谋划、商议等，意义与现代较为接近。In Classical Chinese, '商' referred to the Shang Dynasty, one of the five notes in ancient Chinese music, and also meant trade, planning, or discussion—meanings similar to modern usage.

深入学习 (In-depth Study)

字源故事 (Origin Story)

“商”字最早见于甲骨文，据传是以商代的都邑“商邑”为基础名词，后来逐渐表示买卖、交易的意思。甲骨文中的“商”，像一个高台或建筑物，据说象征着当时的集市或贵族聚集之地，是人们进行交易和商议的场所。The character '商' first appeared in oracle bone script and was originally the name of the capital of the Shang Dynasty, 'Shang city.' Over time, it came to mean trade and commerce. In oracle bone script, '商' looks like a tall structure or building, which is believed to symbolize a market or noble gathering place, where people conducted trade and discussions.

字形演变 (Character Evolution)

甲骨文 (Oracle Bone Script):

甲骨文中“商”的字形像一座高高的房屋或高台，底部有饰纹，顶部有线条，可能代表古代宫殿、城邑，用于象征商朝的都城或集市。 In oracle bone script, '商' resembles a tall building or terrace, with decorative patterns at the base and lines at the top, believed to represent the palace or city of the Shang Dynasty or an ancient marketplace.

金文 (Bronze Inscription):

金文中的“商”形体较甲骨文更为复杂，常见为上部像屋顶，下部如高台或器皿，整体更加对称。 In bronze inscriptions, the form of '商' is more elaborate than the oracle bone script, with the top part resembling a roof and the bottom like a terrace or vessel, the structure is more symmetrical.

小篆 (Small Seal Script):

小篆中“商”的笔画变得流畅，上下结构分明，字形细长，上部如房檐，下部如台基。 In small seal script, '商' becomes smoother and more elongated, with a clear top and bottom structure. The top resembles an eave, and the bottom a terrace base.

隶书 (Clerical Script):

隶书中“商”的结构更扁平，横画加长，整体趋向现代汉字结构。 In clerical script, '商' flattens out, with lengthened horizontal strokes, moving closer to the structure of modern Chinese characters.

楷书 (现代) (Regular Script (Modern)):

现代楷书中的“商”结构规范，上部为“亠”与“冏”组合，下部为“口”，笔画工整。 In modern regular script, '商' has a standardized structure, with the top formed by '亠' and '冏' shapes, and '口' at the bottom, with neat and orderly strokes.

常用词语和例句 (Common Words & Examples)

商店 (shop, store)

shāngdiàn

他每天都去附近的商店买东西。

Pinyin: Tā měitiān dōu qù fùjìn de shāngdiàn mǎi dōngxi.

Eng: He goes to the nearby shop to buy things every day.

商人 (merchant, businessperson)

shāngrén

古代的商人常常乘船到远方做生意。

Pinyin: Gǔdài de shāngrén chángcháng chéng chuán dào yuǎnfāng zuò shēngyì.

Eng: Ancient merchants often traveled by boat to distant places for business.

商量 (to discuss, to consult)

shāngliang

这件事我们再商量一下吧。

Pinyin: Zhè jiàn shì wǒmen zài shāngliang yíxià ba.

Eng: Let's discuss this matter again.

多语言翻译 (核心释义) (Translations (Core Meaning))

French: commerce, affaire, discuter; dynastie Shang
German: Handel, Geschäft, besprechen; Shang-Dynastie
Spanish: comercio, negocio, discutir; dinastía Shang
Italian: commercio, affari, discutere; dinastia Shang
Portuguese: comércio, negócio, discutir; dinastia Shang
Russian: торговля, бизнес, обсуждать; династия Шан
Arabic: تجارة، عمل، يناقش؛ أسرة شانغ
Persian: تجارت، کسب‌وکار، بحث کردن؛ دودمان شانگ
Dutch: handel, zaak, bespreken; Shang-dynastie
Polish: handel, biznes, omawiać; dynastia Shang
Vietnamese: thương mại, kinh doanh, thảo luận; triều đại Thương
Ukrainian: торгівля, бізнес, обговорювати; династія Шан

视频学习资源 (Video Learning Resources)

通过以下链接在热门视频网站搜索 "商" 的更多讲解：

Search for more explanations of "商" on popular video sites:

在 Bilibili.com 搜索 "商字源说文解字" (Search on Bilibili)
在 YouTube.com 搜索 "Shang character origin etymology" (Search on YouTube)

网络参考 (Web References for "商") ()

网络内容摘要 (Web Content Summary):

核心含义与起源：“商”字的常见含义包括商议、讨论（to consult, discuss）、做买卖、贸易（commerce, trade），由此又引申为商人（merchant）。The character "商" (shāng) commonly means to consult or discuss, and also refers to commerce or trade, thus giving rise to words like "merchant".

象形与文化背景：“商”始见于商代甲骨文和金文，原本多用于人名或地名，尤其与历史上的“殷商”王朝有关。部分古字形中，中部像有一对“大眼睛”，颇为有趣。后来，“商”才逐渐假借为商议和贸易的意思。"商" first appeared in oracle bone and bronze inscriptions from the Shang Dynasty, often as a personal or place name, particularly associated with the historical Shang dynasty ("Yin Shang"). Some ancient forms notably depict a pair of "big eyes," adding an interesting pictographic element. The meanings of consulting and trading developed later.

相关用法：“商”还有音乐中的含义，为中国“五音”之一（shāng note in traditional Chinese music）。 "商" is also one of the five traditional Chinese musical notes.
常用词：商业（business, commerce）、商人（merchant）、商量（to discuss, to consult）、商品（goods, products）等。 Common words: 商业 (business), 商人 (merchant), 商量 (to discuss), 商品 (goods).
易混点：需注意区分与“尚”（shàng，still, yet, esteem）等字的不同。 Be careful not to confuse "商" (shāng) with "尚" (shàng), which has different meanings ("still", "esteem", "yet").

整体而言，“商”字融合了丰富的历史、文化和现实生活意义，是学习汉语的重要常用字。 Overall, "商" embodies rich historical, cultural, and contemporary meanings, making it an important and frequently used character in Chinese.

汉字"商"的起源、演变过程-汉字字源辞典

汉字字源辞典收录7747条汉字词条，基本涵盖了常见汉字的字源解析，是汉字研究的必备工具。 ... 宰丰骨匕中的"商"字在中间部分显然多出来一对"大眼睛"，这是很奇怪的现象。 ...

商（汉语文字）_百度百科

商（拼音：shāng）是汉语一级通用规范汉字（常用字）。此字始见于商代甲骨文及商代金文，本义不明，甲骨卜辞中都用作人名或地名，金文后来假借为国"殷商"。商的常用义是相互之间交流看法、观点，也引申指贸易，再转指从事贸易的人。商又是五音之一，也是星宿名。

商