凿

Pinyin: záo | Core Meaning: chisel; to bore, to carve or to cut (holes), to pierce

基本信息 (Basic Information)

含义与用法 (Meanings & Usage)

中文核心释义 (Core Chinese Meaning): 用来打孔、开洞的工具，或用工具打孔、开洞的动作。

英文核心释义 (Core English Meaning): chisel; to bore, to carve or to cut (holes), to pierce

“凿”既可以作名词，表示一种打孔、开洞的工具，如“铁凿”；也可作动词，表示用工具打孔或挖洞，如“凿井”、“凿壁偷光”。现代口语中，比喻用力开拓、钻研等。 '凿' can be used as a noun referring to a chisel or boring tool, and as a verb meaning to bore, cut, or carve holes. In modern Chinese, it can also be used metaphorically to mean opening up or exploring diligently.

象形意义 / 为何这么写 (Pictographic Meaning / Writing Rationale)

“凿”字的结构上方为“穴”，表示洞穴或孔洞，下方为象形表示工具的部件，组合起来表示‘用工具打洞’的动作。The upper part of '凿' is the 'xué' (cave) radical, suggesting a hole or cavity. The lower components are pictographs of a tool, together depicting the action of making a hole with a tool.

文言文释义 (Classical Chinese Meaning)

与现代意义相近，指开洞、打孔，或作为名词指挖洞的工具。Similar to modern meaning: to make a hole or as a noun, referring to a boring or chiseling tool.

深入学习 (In-depth Study)

字源故事 (Origin Story)

“凿”字最早来源于古代生产生活中用以打孔、开洞等加工工作的工具。早期的字形多以工具和器械的象形组合来表现打孔的动作和工具形态，突出开洞的含义。The character '凿' originated from ancient tools used for boring or making holes. Early forms of the character were pictographs combining images of implements and actions used to pierce or carve, highlighting the idea of cutting into or making holes.

字形演变 (Character Evolution)

甲骨文 (Oracle Bone Script):
甲骨文中“凿”字字形尚未完全定型，多用工具形和洞口象形组合表示打孔之意。 In Oracle Bone Script, the form of '凿' was not fully established. It often combined images of tools and hole-like shapes to represent the act of boring.
金文 (Bronze Inscription):
金文中“凿”的字形更加复杂，上部常表现为工具，下部似洞，体现出开孔的具体行为。 In Bronze Inscription, '凿' became more complex, with the upper part resembling a tool and the lower part like a hole, directly illustrating the act of making a hole.
小篆 (Small Seal Script):
小篆将工具与洞的形象融合，结构更加规整，整体形态接近今天的“凿”字。 Small Seal Script fused the tool and hole images into a more regular structure, and the overall shape became closer to the modern '凿'.
隶书 (Clerical Script):
隶书阶段“凿”字笔画逐渐简化，横平竖直，结构更为清晰，便于书写。 During the Clerical Script era, the strokes of '凿' became simpler, more rectilinear, and the structure turned clearer and easier to write.
楷书 (现代) (Regular Script (Modern)):
现代楷书中“凿”字为“穴”字头、下配“”及“七”，结构规整，便于识别。 In modern Regular Script, '凿' comprises the '穴' radical on top, combined with strokes representing a tool and a hole, making it highly recognizable and orderly.

常用词语和例句 (Common Words & Examples)

凿子 (chisel; a tool for boring or carving)

záo zi

木匠用凿子雕刻木料。

Pinyin: Mùjiàng yòng záozi diāokè mùliào.

Eng: The carpenter carves wood with a chisel.

凿井 (to dig/bore a well)

záo jǐng

村民们合力凿井取水。

Pinyin: Cūnmínmen hélì záojǐng qǔshuǐ.

Eng: The villagers worked together to dig a well for water.

凿实 (to make certain, solid proof)

záo shí

证据凿实，案件真相大白。

Pinyin: Zhèngjù záoshí, ànjiàn zhēnxiàng dàbái.

Eng: With solid proof, the truth of the case became clear.

相关成语 (Related Idioms)

凿壁偷光 záo bì tōu guāng

Meaning: to bore a hole in the wall to steal light (study diligently under difficult conditions)

西汉时期，匡衡家贫无钱买灯油，于是他在墙壁上凿了一个小洞，引邻家的灯光来读书。这成语用于形容克服困难、刻苦学习。 During the Western Han dynasty, Kuang Heng was too poor to afford lamp oil, so he bored a small hole in the wall to use his neighbor's light for reading. The idiom describes diligence and overcoming difficulties in study.

多语言翻译 (核心释义) (Translations (Core Meaning))

  • French: ciseau; percer
  • German: Meißel; bohren
  • Spanish: cincel; perforar
  • Italian: scalpello; forare
  • Portuguese: formão; perfurar
  • Russian: долото; сверлить
  • Arabic: إزميل؛ ثقب
  • Persian: اسکنه؛ سوراخ کردن
  • Dutch: beitel; boren
  • Polish: dłuto; wiercić
  • Vietnamese: đục; khoan
  • Ukrainian: долото; свердлити

视频学习资源 (Video Learning Resources)

通过以下链接在热门视频网站搜索 "凿" 的更多讲解：

Search for more explanations of "凿" on popular video sites:

网络参考 (Web References for "凿") ()

网络内容摘要 (Web Content Summary):

凿的核心含义是“用工具在硬物上打孔、挖洞、开凿”。它既可以指具体的动作（如开凿岩石、钻孔），也可引申为“挖掘”或“开拓”。 凿 mainly means "to chisel, bore, or dig through hard materials using a tool." It refers both to the physical act (making holes, excavating) and figuratively to "exploring" or "opening up."

象形文字起源上，甲骨文中的“凿”字源于用铁钎、锤子敲击，表现钻凿硬物的场景，代表人类早期使用工具制作或加工材料的智慧。 The character comes from oracle bone script, depicting a tool (awl or chisel) struck by a hammer, symbolizing the ancient act of boring or chiseling into hard materials, and reflects early human craftsmanship.

  • 常见用法与成语： 常用于“开凿”、“凿地为穴”（dig a hole in the ground），还见于成语如“凿壁偷光”（cutting a hole in a wall to borrow light, meaning studying diligently under difficult conditions）。 Common usages and idioms: Frequently appears in phrases like “开凿” (to excavate), “凿地为穴” (dig a pit in the ground), or the idiom “凿壁偷光” (to cut a hole in the wall to study by borrowed light; refers to persistent study despite adverse circumstances).
  • 易混淆点： “凿”有时引申为“冲刷”，如“水凿之穴”，此时与“洗刷、冲冲”相关，需注意语境。 Possible confusion: Occasionally, “凿” can also mean "eroded by water" (as in “水凿之穴”)—in this sense, it's related to washing or eroding, so the context is important.

总之，“凿”字兼具实用与文化色彩，体现了古人利用工具与大自然互动的生活智慧。 In conclusion, “凿” has both practical and cultural significance, embodying early human wisdom in using tools to interact with and transform the natural world.

汉字"凿"的起源、演变过程-汉字字源辞典

" 凿 "的字源解说 鑿 ，甲骨文 （ 辛，铁钎、钢锥 ） （ 持锤敲击 ），表示锤打钢锥，开钻硬物。 金文 将甲骨文字形中的 " 殳 " 写成 ，并在 " 辛 " 底部加一横指事符号 ，表示在木石等板面材料上挖孔钻洞。

凿的解释|凿的意思|汉典"凿"字的基本解释 - 漢典

凿，穿木也。—— 《说文》 重木刊凿之。—— 《仪礼·士丧礼》 皆是水凿之穴。(凿，这里是冲刷的意思。)—— 宋 · 沈括 《梦溪笔谈》 又如:凿巾(在覆盖死者脸部的巾上，正对口部的位置，剪开一通孔);凿穴(开造洞穴) (3) 挖掘;开凿 [dig] 凿地为坎。

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