称

Pinyin: chēng | Core Meaning: to call, to name; to say; to praise; to weigh (with a scale)

基本信息 (Basic Information)

含义与用法 (Meanings & Usage)

中文核心释义 (Core Chinese Meaning): 叫作、叫做；称呼、说；称赞、表扬；衡量轻重的器具或动作

英文核心释义 (Core English Meaning): to call, to name; to say; to praise; to weigh (with a scale)

“称”常用于“称呼”、“称赞”、“自称”、“称重”等，意思包括叫做、被称为、称述、表扬和用秤称量重量。在不同场合下读音和意思可能有所不同，如“称心如意”（chèn，满足、合适）和“称赞”（chēng，表扬）。 "称" is commonly used in words like "称呼" (to address), "称赞" (to praise), "自称" (to refer to oneself), and "称重" (to weigh). Its main meanings are 'to call', 'to refer to', 'to praise', and 'to weigh with a scale'. Note that in modern Chinese it has different pronunciations (chēng and chèn) depending on the meaning and context, e.g., "称心如意" (chèn, meaning suitable/satisfactory) and "称赞" (chēng, to praise).

象形意义 / 为何这么写 (Pictographic Meaning / Writing Rationale)

“称”字左边的“禾”表示用来称量的粮食，右边的“尒”象征小容器或秤砣，整体表示用器具称量粮食的动作。后来引申为“叫做”、“称呼”和“表扬”之意。The left part '禾' (grain) refers to the grain being weighed, and the right part '尒' symbolizes a small container or weight. Together, they represent the act of weighing grain with a tool. Over time, the meaning was extended to 'to call', 'to refer to' and 'to praise'.

文言文释义 (Classical Chinese Meaning)

文言文中“称”主要用于表示称赞、称呼、衡量等，意义与现代汉语相近。Similar to modern meaning: in Classical Chinese, '称' chiefly meant 'to praise', 'to call (by name)', or 'to weigh', much like today.

深入学习 (In-depth Study)

字源故事 (Origin Story)

“称”字的左边是“禾”，表示粮食，右边的“尒”本意为小器皿。古时人与人以秤称量粮食。该字最早表示用秤称量（重物），引申为衡量、比量，后来又引申为“叫做”、“称呼”等意思。The left part of '称' is '禾' (grain), while the right part '尒' originally indicated a small vessel. In ancient times, people weighed grain using a scale, so the character initially meant 'to weigh (grain)'. Later, its meaning expanded to indicate 'to measure, to compare' and, by extension, 'to call, to refer to'.

字形演变 (Character Evolution)

甲骨文 (Oracle Bone Script):
甲骨文中未见现今“称”字的完整结构，但与“秤”相关的形体通常用表示器皿和手抓物体的组合。 The complete structure of '称' is not seen in Oracle Bone Script, but characters related to 'scale' typically showed combinations of vessel and hand elements.
金文 (Bronze Inscription):
金文中的“称”依然以“禾”与小器皿组合，表示称量、衡量之意，字形比甲骨文更清晰。 In Bronze Inscriptions, '称' combined '禾' (grain) with a vessel, clearly representing the meaning of weighing or measuring. The character's form became clearer than in oracle scripts.
小篆 (Small Seal Script):
小篆时期“称”字左为“禾”，右为“尒”，结构紧凑，已接近现代写法。 In Small Seal Script, the left part is '禾' (grain), the right is '尒', and the structure is compact and similar to today's form.
隶书 (Clerical Script):
隶书阶段，字形更趋扁平，笔画分明，便于书写。 In the Clerical Script, the character became wider and more rectangular, with clearer, more distinguished strokes, easier for writing.
楷书 (现代) (Regular Script (Modern)):
现代楷书中的“称”与小篆、隶书基本相同，结构规范，使用广泛。 In modern Regular Script, '称' closely resembles the Small Seal and Clerical Scripts in structure, with standardized strokes, widely used today.

常用词语和例句 (Common Words & Examples)

称呼 (to address; form of address)

chēnghu

我们应该用合适的方式称呼老师。

Pinyin: Wǒmen yīnggāi yòng héshì de fāngshì chēnghu lǎoshī.

Eng: We should address the teacher in an appropriate way.

称赞 (to praise; to commend)

chēngzàn

大家都称赞他的勇敢。

Pinyin: Dàjiā dōu chēngzàn tā de yǒnggǎn.

Eng: Everyone praised his courage.

自称 (to call oneself; to claim to be)

zìchēng

他自称是专家。

Pinyin: Tā zìchēng shì zhuānjiā.

Eng: He claims to be an expert.

称重 (to weigh (something))

chēngzhòng

请把这些水果拿去称重。

Pinyin: Qǐng bǎ zhèxiē shuǐguǒ ná qù chēngzhòng.

Eng: Please take these fruits to be weighed.

相关成语 (Related Idioms)

对牛弹琴，不对牛称斤 duì niú tán qín, bú duì niú chēng jīn

Meaning: Playing the lute to a cow but not weighing gold for a cow (i.e., acting inappropriately for your audience)

这个成语结合了“称”的“称量”之意，比喻对不理解或不合适的对象做无用功。起源于古人用秤称东西，牛却不懂得其价值。 This idiom combines the 'weighing' meaning of '称', used as a metaphor for doing something pointless for someone who doesn't appreciate or understand it. Its origin comes from people weighing things with a scale, but cattle don't know the value.

多语言翻译 (核心释义) (Translations (Core Meaning))

  • French: appeler, nommer ; peser ; louer
  • German: nennen, bezeichnen; wiegen; loben
  • Spanish: llamar, nombrar; pesar; elogiar
  • Italian: chiamare, nominare; pesare; lodare
  • Portuguese: chamar, nomear; pesar; elogiar
  • Russian: называть, именовать; взвешивать; хвалить
  • Arabic: يسمّي، يزن، يمدح
  • Persian: نامیدن، سنجیدن، ستودن
  • Dutch: noemen, benoemen; wegen; prijzen
  • Polish: nazywać, określać; ważyć; chwalić
  • Vietnamese: gọi tên, đặt tên; cân; khen ngợi
  • Ukrainian: називати, іменувати; зважувати; хвалити

视频学习资源 (Video Learning Resources)

通过以下链接在热门视频网站搜索 "称" 的更多讲解：

Search for more explanations of "称" on popular video sites:

网络参考 (Web References for "称") ()

网络内容摘要 (Web Content Summary):

```html

称（简体）/稱（繁体）: 这个汉字的核心含义包括"提起"、"称量"（测定重量）、"称呼"（叫做）、"号称"等。 称 (Simplified)/稱 (Traditional): The core meanings are "to lift," "to weigh/measuring weight," "to call/address," and "to claim to be."

  • 字形起源：在甲骨文和金文中，"称"的形状像用手提举东西（有的解释为鱼），本义是"提起"或"举起"。 Pictographic origin: In oracle bone and bronze inscriptions, "称" resembles a hand lifting an object (sometimes explained as a fish), with the original meaning "to lift" or "to raise."

  • 引申义：由"提起"引申为"测定重量"（如称重），再引申为"称呼/号称"（比如自称、称王）。 Extended meanings: From "to lift" to "to weigh" (as in measuring weight), and further to "to call/address" (as in self-claiming, or calling someone a title).

  • 易混用法：现代汉语中，"称"与"称呼"、"称赞"（praise）、"名称"（name）、"自称"（call oneself）等词常见，但要注意和"秤"（weighing scale，指器具）区分。 Easily confused: In modern Chinese, "称" appears in words like "称呼" (to call/address), "称赞" (to praise), "名称" (name), and "自称" (to call oneself). Do not confuse with "秤" (chèn, weighing scale), which refers specifically to the tool/device for weighing.

  • 常用词/成语：如"称心如意"（perfectly satisfactory）、"自称"（claim to be oneself）、"称王称霸"（attempt to dominate）。 Common words/idioms: For example, "称心如意" (perfectly satisfactory), "自称" (to claim to be), "称王称霸" (to dominate, act as king).

```

汉字"称"的起源、演变过程-汉字字源辞典

汉字字源辞典收录350条汉字词条，基本涵盖了常见汉字的字源解析，是汉字研究的必备工具。 ... 甲； 金； 篆 【形义】甲骨文、金文称字像手提一条鱼的形状。本义是"提"，引申出"举"、"号称"、"测定重量"等义。 ...

称字形演变字源_汉字「称」_称的甲骨文_称的金文_金文编_甲骨文编

稱為爯的後起字。爯於甲文、金文的形構皆像以手抓物稱舉之形，惟所抓之物已不能確知，或釋為魚。稱始見於戰國文字，字形從禾，表示是禾類的植物；爯聲，表示聲音，也表示稱舉的意思。

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