卒

Pinyin: zú | Core Meaning: soldier, to die, to end

基本信息 (Basic Information)

含义与用法 (Meanings & Usage)

中文核心释义 (Core Chinese Meaning): 士兵、死、结束

英文核心释义 (Core English Meaning): soldier, to die, to end

“卒”在现代汉语中常用作名词，意思是士兵或兵卒，常见于文言及正式书面语。在动词用法中表示死亡，多用于较正式或书面语境。此外，也有表示“结束，终了”的意义，常见于古文。 '卒' is most commonly used as a noun in modern Chinese to mean 'soldier' or 'private', often found in classical or formal written contexts. As a verb, it means 'to die', mainly appearing in formal or literary language. It can also mean 'to end' or 'to finish', typically in ancient texts.

象形意义 / 为何这么写 (Pictographic Meaning / Writing Rationale)

“卒”上为“十”，下为“人”，有解读认为组合本义为‘满’、‘终’之意，象征人的生命到‘十’为止，引申为死亡和士兵。The top part of '卒' is '十' (ten), and the bottom is '人' (person). Some interpretations suggest the combination originally meant 'complete' or 'end', symbolizing a person's life reaching its limit (ten), hence the meanings of death and soldier.

文言文释义 (Classical Chinese Meaning)

文言文中常指‘士兵’、‘死亡’、‘结束’，与现代意义相近。In Classical Chinese, it often means 'soldier', 'to die', or 'to end', which is similar to the modern meaning.

深入学习 (In-depth Study)

字源故事 (Origin Story)

“卒”最早出现在甲骨文中，初意为“尽、终了”。后引申为“死亡”，再后来引申为“兵士”，因为士兵有时被认为是命运终结之人。'卒' first appeared in oracle bone script, originally meaning 'to exhaust, to finish'. It later extended to mean 'to die', and subsequently 'soldier', as soldiers were sometimes seen as those whose lives might end abruptly.

字形演变 (Character Evolution)

甲骨文 (Oracle Bone Script):
甲骨文中的“卒”形状比较复杂，上部似“十”字，下部像双手持物，象征事项结束。 In Oracle Bone Script, '卒' has a complex form: the top resembles a cross, and the bottom appears like two hands holding an object, symbolizing the ending of an affair.
金文 (Bronze Inscription):
金文中“卒”字结构趋于规范，笔画减少，更接近后来的书写方式。 In Bronze Inscriptions, the structure of '卒' became more standardized, with fewer strokes and closer to the later forms of writing.
小篆 (Small Seal Script):
小篆中的“卒”变得更加规整，上下分明，整体线条流畅。 In Small Seal Script, '卒' became more regularized, with clear divisions between the upper and lower parts, and smooth overall lines.
隶书 (Clerical Script):
隶书将“卒”简化，横画突出，结构扁平，接近现代写法。 In Clerical Script, '卒' was simplified, with more pronounced horizontal strokes and a flattened structure, approaching the modern shape.
楷书 (现代) (Regular Script (Modern)):
现代楷书中，“卒”字结构紧凑，上下两部分清晰可辨，成为通用的汉字形式。 In modern Regular Script, '卒' is compact and clear, with easily distinguishable upper and lower sections, forming the standard written character.

常用词语和例句 (Common Words & Examples)

士卒 (soldiers, military ranks (often referring to common soldiers))

shìzú

古代战争中，士卒英勇作战。

Pinyin: Gǔdài zhànzhēng zhōng, shìzú yīngyǒng zuòzhàn.

Eng: In ancient wars, soldiers fought bravely.

卒中 (stroke (medical condition, apoplexy))

zǔzhòng

他因突发卒中被紧急送往医院。

Pinyin: Tā yīn tūfā zǔzhòng bèi jǐnjí sòngwǎng yīyuàn.

Eng: He was rushed to the hospital due to a sudden stroke.

卒年 (year of death)

zúnián

历史书上记载了他的生年和卒年。

Pinyin: Lìshǐ shū shàng jìzǎi le tā de shēngnián hé zúnián.

Eng: The history books record his year of birth and year of death.

相关成语 (Related Idioms)

一鼓作气， 再而衰，三而竭 yī gǔ zuò qì, zài ér shuāi, sān ér jié

Meaning: To press on with vigor after the first victory, then lose strength in subsequent efforts.

出自《左传》。古时作战击鼓激励士卒作战，第一次击鼓时士气最高，第二次时士气减弱，第三次便最弱。 From the historical text Zuo Zhuan. In ancient battles, drums motivated soldiers; their morale was highest with the first beat, declined with the second, and was lowest by the third.

多语言翻译 (核心释义) (Translations (Core Meaning))

  • French: soldat, mourir, finir
  • German: Soldat, sterben, enden
  • Spanish: soldado, morir, terminar
  • Italian: soldato, morire, finire
  • Portuguese: soldado, morrer, terminar
  • Russian: солдат, умереть, закончиться
  • Arabic: جندي، يموت، ينتهي
  • Persian: سرباز، مردن، پایان یافتن
  • Dutch: soldaat, sterven, eindigen
  • Polish: żołnierz, umrzeć, kończyć
  • Vietnamese: lính, chết, kết thúc
  • Ukrainian: солдат, померти, закінчитися

视频学习资源 (Video Learning Resources)

通过以下链接在热门视频网站搜索 "卒" 的更多讲解：

Search for more explanations of "卒" on popular video sites:

网络参考 (Web References for "卒") ()

网络内容摘要 (Web Content Summary):

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卒 的核心含义包括指“终止、结束”，常特指“死亡”或“人生的终点”。此字在表达死亡（比如“去世”）时，带有一定的尊重色彩，与“死”“亡”等字相比属人文层面的表达。 Core meaning of "卒": Mainly signifies "end" or "to finish," especially referring to "death" or "life's end." When describing death, "卒" carries a certain respect, distinguishing it from more direct terms like "死" (to die) or "亡" (to perish).

象形起源方面，“卒”在古文字中常用作服役或差役的标记，如古时隶役（听差者）的衣服上写有“卒”字，用以标识身份。 Etymological origin: In ancient scripts, "卒" was often used as a label on garments of servants or corvée laborers, indicating their identity and role.

易混淆点：“卒”与“死”“亡”不同，表达更为含蓄和尊重。注意“卒”还能作动词，意为“匆忙地”“突然地”，常见于书面或文言文中，如“卒然”（suddenly）。 Confusion point: Unlike "死" (die) and "亡" (perish), "卒" is a more reserved, respectful term. As a verb/adverb it also means "suddenly" or "hurriedly," often seen in classical or formal Chinese, e.g., "卒然" (suddenly).

  • 常用词汇：士卒（soldiers/private）、卒业（to graduate, now more commonly "毕业"）、猝死（sudden death）。 Common words: 士卒 (soldiers/private), 卒业 (to graduate, archaic; now "毕业" is standard), 猝死 (sudden death).
  • 成语/短语：卒然（忽然，suddenly），大功告卒（a great work is finished）。 Idioms/phrases: 卒然 (suddenly), 大功告卒 (a great task ended).

（注：当前关于“卒”象形含义和常用词来源资料较为有限，上述总结已涵盖主要常见信息。） (Note: Available information about "卒"'s pictographic meaning and word origins is limited; the above covers the main, most common points.)

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汉字"卒"的起源、演变过程-汉字字源辞典

卒，引申为人生的终点、最后、戛然而止、当场、立刻等；但与死字亡字不同在于内涵有对人的尊重，属于人文层面之文化。 碎非裂，碎是描写很多小块物一堆，与穿众多不同款式的衣服类同，有大有小规格不一名块状名碎。

【卒】的甲骨文金文篆文字形演变含义 - 甲骨文研究网 甲骨文密码字典 在线甲骨文字典研究 - 甲骨文研究网 甲骨文密码字典 在线甲骨文字典研究 认路

日期：2023-03-19 来源 ... 附 白话版《说文解字》：卒，隶役听差者穿的衣服上写着"卒"字。卒，是隶役衣服上标记其听差身份的符号。 ... 汉字甲骨文破译字典》一书中，破解的古诗、竹简等古文作品收录在《新编甲骨文破译案例解析 ...

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