基本信息 (Basic Information)
含义与用法 (Meanings & Usage)
中文核心释义 (Core Chinese Meaning): 关牲畜的圈、牢房；引申为坚固、稳固。
英文核心释义 (Core English Meaning): animal pen, prison cell; by extension: firm, secure, strong.
“牢”在现代汉语中常用作名词，表示圈养牲畜的地方，如“牛牢”；也常用于形容词或副词，表示坚固稳当，如“牢固”、“记忆很牢”。现代口语中，“牢”单独作“监狱”的意思不如“监狱”常见，但复合词如“牢房”、“坐牢”用法广泛。
In modern Chinese, '牢' is mostly used as a noun (animal pen, e.g., '牛牢' cattle pen) or as a component in words/adjectives meaning 'firm' or 'secure,' such as '牢固' (firm, solid), or in expressions like '记得很牢' (remember well). As a standalone word meaning 'prison,' it is less common than specialized words such as '监狱,' but it appears in compounds like '牢房' (prison cell), '坐牢' (be in prison), which are used frequently.
象形意义 / 为何这么写 (Pictographic Meaning / Writing Rationale)
“牢”字是会意字，上面的“宀”表示屋顶，下面的“牛”代表牛，组合起来表示关牛的圈舍。因动物在圈中安全无虞，引申为牢固、固定。'牢' is an ideogram: '宀' (roof) over '牛' (cattle) together depict an animal pen. Because animals are secure inside, the meaning extends to firmness or security.
文言文释义 (Classical Chinese Meaning)
与现代意义相近，亦用作牲畜圈舍或指监禁之所。Similar to modern meaning, also referring to animal pens or places of detention.
深入学习 (In-depth Study)
字源故事 (Origin Story)
“牢”字最初表现为关牲畜的围栏或圈舍的形象，上面是“宀”（房屋），下面是“牛”，表示房屋下关着牛羊，象征牲畜居住的地方。随着时间发展，意义引申为牢固、安全，也指监禁之地。The character '牢' originally depicted an animal pen or enclosure. The top '宀' represents a building/roof, while '牛' below symbolizes cattle, indicating animals housed under a roof. Over time, its meaning expanded to include notions of firmness and security, later also referring to prison or jail.
字形演变 (Character Evolution)
甲骨文 (Oracle Bone Script):
甲骨文中的“牢”字，通常以一个简化牛的形象在屋檐下方表示，形象地展现出‘屋下有牛’。
In Oracle Bone Script, '牢' is represented by a simplified image of a cow under a roof, visually depicting 'cattle under shelter.'
金文 (Bronze Inscription):
金文中“牢”的字形比甲骨文更为圆润，屋檐和牛的结构更清晰，仍体现圈养牲畜之意。
'牢' in Bronze Inscriptions becomes more rounded and intricate, with the roof and cattle structure clearly shown, still emphasizing the idea of enclosing livestock.
小篆 (Small Seal Script):
小篆阶段，“牢”字结构变得规范，由“宀”和“牛”两部分组成，且线条流畅。
In the Small Seal Script era, the structure of '牢' becomes standardized, neatly composed of '宀' (roof) and '牛' (cattle), with smooth and uniform lines.
隶书 (Clerical Script):
隶书中“牢”的书写更为方正，线条平直，笔画开始接近现代汉字的风格。
In Clerical Script, '牢' is written in squarer and more regular shapes, with straight lines, starting to resemble the modern character style.
楷书 (现代) (Regular Script (Modern)):
现代楷书中的“牢”字，清晰由“宀”和“牛”组成，结构紧凑平稳，易于辨认。
In modern Regular Script, '牢' is clearly composed of '宀' and '牛', with compact and stable structure, easy to recognize.
常用词语和例句 (Common Words & Examples)
牢房 (prison cell, jail room)
犯人被关在牢房里。
Eng: The prisoner was locked in the prison cell.
牢固 (firm, solid, sturdy)
这座桥修得非常牢固。
Eng: This bridge is built very sturdy.
坐牢 (to serve a prison sentence, to be in prison)
他因犯错而坐牢了三年。
Eng: He served three years in prison for his mistake.
相关成语 (Related Idioms)
相关成语信息待补充。Related idiom information pending.
多语言翻译 (核心释义) (Translations (Core Meaning))
- French: enclos; prison; solide
- German: Stall; Gefängnis; fest
- Spanish: corral; prisión; sólido
- Italian: recinto per animali; prigione; solido
- Portuguese: curral; prisão; sólido
- Russian: загон; тюрьма; крепкий
- Arabic: حظيرة؛ سجن؛ متين
- Persian: آغل دام؛ زندان؛ محکم
- Dutch: stal; gevangenis; stevig
- Polish: zagroda; więzienie; solidny
- Vietnamese: chuồng trại; nhà tù; vững chắc
- Ukrainian: хлів; в'язниця; міцний
视频学习资源 (Video Learning Resources)
通过以下链接在热门视频网站搜索 "牢" 的更多讲解：
Search for more explanations of "牢" on popular video sites:
- 在 Bilibili.com 搜索 "牢 字源 说文解字" (Search on Bilibili)
- 在 YouTube.com 搜索 "牢 character origin etymology" (Search on YouTube)
网络参考 (Web References for "牢") ()
网络搜索信息待获取。Web search information pending.
更多图片 (牢 More Images) ()
