什

Pinyin: shén / shí | Core Meaning: Part of the interrogative 'what' (as in 'shénme'), sometimes used as a variant of 'ten', or to mean 'miscellaneous' or 'various' in ancient times.

基本信息 (Basic Information)

含义与用法 (Meanings & Usage)

中文核心释义 (Core Chinese Meaning): “什么”的组成部分，常用于表疑问；也可作“十”的变体，古代有“杂、众”之意。

英文核心释义 (Core English Meaning): Part of the interrogative 'what' (as in 'shénme'), sometimes used as a variant of 'ten', or to mean 'miscellaneous' or 'various' in ancient times.

现代汉语中，“什”几乎总是用作“什么”（shénme）等疑问词的一部分，表示疑问。单独出现较少，偶尔在一些特定词语（如什锦、什物）中出现。 In modern Chinese, '什' is almost always used as part of interrogative words like '什么' (shénme, 'what'). It rarely appears alone, but can be found in set words such as '什锦' (assorted) or '什物' (miscellaneous things).

象形意义 / 为何这么写 (Pictographic Meaning / Writing Rationale)

“什”是会意字，左边的“人”表示人类，右边的“十”表示数量多，合起来有“众多、杂”的意思。因此用于表示“什么”等多个、不确定的事物。'什' is an associative compound character: the left side 'person' suggests humanity, while the right side 'ten' implies a large number. Together, they convey 'many' or 'various', which is why the character is used in words indicating multiple or indefinite things, such as in 'what'.

文言文释义 (Classical Chinese Meaning)

在文言文中，主要表示杂、多种，有时作“十”的俗字，部分意义与现代略有不同。In Classical Chinese, '什' mainly means 'miscellaneous' or 'various'. Sometimes it was used as a colloquial variant of 'ten'. Its meaning is somewhat broader than in modern usage.

深入学习 (In-depth Study)

字源故事 (Origin Story)

“什”最早源于汉代小篆，用作“杂、众”。它的左半边“人”表示人，右边的“十”表示数量多，合起来有“许多人、杂”的意思。后来主要用作疑问词的一部分。The character '什' originated in the Han dynasty's Small Seal Script, meaning 'miscellaneous' or 'various'. The left part '人' means 'person', and the right part '十' means 'ten'—together signifying 'many people' or 'various things'. Later, it became primarily used as part of interrogative words.

字形演变 (Character Evolution)

甲骨文 (Oracle Bone Script):
甲骨文中没有“什”字的确切记载，因为它为较晚造字，多在战国后期才见。 There is no clear record of '什' in Oracle Bone Script, as it was created later, appearing mainly from the Warring States period onward.
金文 (Bronze Inscription):
金文中尚未有“什”字单独记载，但出现了类似“十”和“人”组合的用法。 In Bronze Inscription, the independent character '什' does not appear, but combinations of 'ten' and 'person' are present.
小篆 (Small Seal Script):
小篆中的“什”左边是“人”，右边是“十”，结构清晰，用于表示杂、多。 In Small Seal Script, '什' has 'person' (人) on the left and 'ten' (十) on the right. The structure is clear and signifies 'various' or 'many'.
隶书 (Clerical Script):
隶书中“什”的结构变得更扁平、线条化，笔画更加简洁流畅。 In Clerical Script, '什' appears flatter and more linear, with strokes becoming more straightforward and smooth.
楷书 (现代) (Regular Script (Modern)):
现代楷书中，“什”左为“人”，右为“十”，字形端正，也是现今常见形式。 In modern Regular Script, '什' retains 'person' on the left and 'ten' on the right, with a neat and standard shape, which is the form used today.

常用词语和例句 (Common Words & Examples)

什么 (what)

shénme

你在做什么？

Pinyin: Nǐ zài zuò shénme?

Eng: What are you doing?

什锦 (assorted; mixed; a medley)

shíjǐn

我喜欢吃什锦糖。

Pinyin: Wǒ xǐhuān chī shíjǐn táng.

Eng: I like eating assorted candies.

什物 (odds and ends; various items)

shíwù

箱子里装满了家里的什物。

Pinyin: Xiāngzi lǐ zhuāng mǎn le jiālǐ de shíwù.

Eng: The box is filled with household odds and ends.

相关成语 (Related Idioms)

相关成语信息待补充。Related idiom information pending.

多语言翻译 (核心释义) (Translations (Core Meaning))

  • French: quoi (dans 'quoi', 'quel'), divers, diversifié
  • German: was (wie in 'was', 'welche'), verschieden, gemischt
  • Spanish: qué (como en 'qué', 'cual'), varios, diverso
  • Italian: che (come in 'che cosa'), vario, assortito
  • Portuguese: o que (como em 'o que', 'qual'), vários, variado
  • Russian: что (в составе «что», 'какой'), разное, разнообразный
  • Arabic: ما (كجزء من 'ما'), متنوع، منوع
  • Persian: چه (در ترکیب 'چه'), متنوع، جوراجور
  • Dutch: wat (in 'wat', 'welke'), verscheidene, gemengd
  • Polish: co (jako część słowa 'co', 'jaki'), różne, mieszane
  • Vietnamese: gì (trong 'cái gì'), đa dạng, hỗn hợp
  • Ukrainian: що (у складі слів 'що', 'який'), різноманітний, мішаний

视频学习资源 (Video Learning Resources)

通过以下链接在热门视频网站搜索 "什" 的更多讲解：

Search for more explanations of "什" on popular video sites:

网络参考 (Web References for "什") ()

网络内容摘要 (Web Content Summary):

```html

“什”的核心含义与文化背景： The core meaning and cultural background of "什":

  • “什”在古代主要表示“十”，源自古代军队和群体的编制方式，如“十人为什”，即每十个人组成一组，称为“什”。 In ancient China, "什" mainly represented "ten". It originated from groupings in the military or society, where every ten people formed a unit called "什".
  • 在《诗经》等古籍中，“什”还用于表示“诗歌的篇目组”，如“十篇为一什”。 In classics like The Book of Songs (Shijing), "什" was also used to refer to a group of ten poems. For example, "十篇为一什" means a collection of ten poems as a "什".

用法和易混点： Usage and possible confusion:

  • 现代汉语中，“什”(shén)常作为“什么”(shénme, what)的缩写形式，如“什嘛”。不过单独使用“什”时通常读作“shí”，表示“十”。 In modern Chinese, "什" (shén) is often used as the first character in "什么" (shénme, what). However, when used alone, it is usually pronounced "shí" and means "ten".
  • 常与“十”混淆，“什”主要用于特定的合成词或古文表达，现代单独表示数字时更常用“十”。 It is commonly confused with "十" (ten). "什" is typically used in specific compound words or classical contexts; "十" is more frequently used as the standalone number "ten" in modern Chinese.

常见词汇： 什物（assorted things），什么（what）。 Common words: 什物 (assorted things), 什么 (what).

如需更深入的汉字起源资料，建议查阅权威汉字字源辞典。 For more detailed information about Chinese character origins, consult authoritative etymology dictionaries.

```

什_百度百科

又 篇什。 《 朱子 曰》诗雅颂无诸国之别，故十篇为一卷，犹军法十人为什也。 《 五经 通义》国风多寡不等，不称什。 雅颂 十篇为聮，惟鱼藻，荡及闵予小子，虽无过乎什，亦称什，举成数耳。 若不及者，如駉颂四篇，𨙻颂五篇，皆不称什也。 [6]

汉字"什"的起源、演变过程-汉字字源辞典

汉字字源辞典收录7747条汉字词条，基本涵盖了常见汉字的字源解析，是汉字研究的必备工具。

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