垢

Pinyin: gòu | Core Meaning: dirt, filth, grime; dirty stuff attached to the surface of something.

基本信息 (Basic Information)

含义与用法 (Meanings & Usage)

中文核心释义 (Core Chinese Meaning): 污垢，肮脏的东西，指灰尘、污泥等附着在物体表面的脏物。

英文核心释义 (Core English Meaning): dirt, filth, grime; dirty stuff attached to the surface of something.

“垢”主要用于表示脏东西或污物，例如“污垢”、“满身垢”。现代多用作书面语，口语中较少单独出现，经常和“污”、“尘”等词一起使用。 '垢' mainly refers to dirt or grime, as in words like '污垢' (filth). It is more commonly seen in written Chinese rather than spoken, and usually appears in compounds with words like '污' (dirty) or '尘' (dust).

象形意义 / 为何这么写 (Pictographic Meaning / Writing Rationale)

“垢”是形声字，左部“土”表意，表示与土、尘、泥等脏物有关；右部“后”表音。整体表示附着在物体表面的泥土、灰尘等杂质。'垢' is a phono-semantic compound: the left part '土' provides the meaning, indicating a relation to earth, dust, or dirt; the right part '后' offers the pronunciation. Altogether, it denotes grime or filth attached to the surface of something.

文言文释义 (Classical Chinese Meaning)

与现代意义相近，指污泥、尘土等脏东西，有时也引申为污辱、耻辱。Similar to modern meaning, referring to dirt, mud, or filth; sometimes figuratively means disgrace or humiliation.

深入学习 (In-depth Study)

字源故事 (Origin Story)

“垢”字最早见于小篆，从“土”，表示与泥土、灰尘有关，右侧的“后”用于表音。古人造字以“土”为形，强调其与尘泥杂物相关的本义。The character '垢' first appeared in Small Seal Script, composed of the '土' (earth/dirt) radical, indicating its relation to dust or soil, and the right component '后' used for phonetic representation. Early character formation used '土' to stress its fundamental meaning connected with dirt or grime.

字形演变 (Character Evolution)

甲骨文 (Oracle Bone Script):
甲骨文中暂无“垢”的确切写法，但“土”常用于表示与土壤、泥尘有关的意义。 No confirmed form of '垢' in Oracle Bone Script, but '土' was used to represent notions of earth and dust.
金文 (Bronze Inscription):
金文中未见专门的“垢”，但可见“土”旁的复合字用于表达与泥土污垢有关的意思。 '垢' does not have a dedicated form in Bronze Inscriptions, but compound characters with '土' appeared to convey related meanings about dirt and grime.
小篆 (Small Seal Script):
小篆中，“垢”字形左为“土”，右为“后”，结构整齐，体现形声字特征。 In Small Seal Script, '垢' is depicted with '土' on the left and '后' on the right, exhibiting a regular structure typical of phono-semantic compounds.
隶书 (Clerical Script):
隶书中，“垢”字笔画变得平直，有明显波挑，结构更为扁平。 In Clerical Script, the strokes of '垢' become straighter, with pronounced wave-like endings, and the structure is more flattened.
楷书 (现代) (Regular Script (Modern)):
现代楷书中，“垢”字规范、方正，便于书写和识别，左“土”右“后”。 In modern Regular Script, '垢' appears standardized and neat, with '土' on the left and '后' on the right for easy writing and recognition.

常用词语和例句 (Common Words & Examples)

污垢 (filth; dirt; grime)

wūgòu

衣服上有很多污垢，需要清洗。

Pinyin: Yīfú shàng yǒu hěn duō wūgòu, xūyào qīngxǐ.

Eng: There is a lot of filth on the clothes, they need to be washed.

除垢 (to remove dirt or grime; descaling)

chúgòu

这款清洁剂能够有效除垢。

Pinyin: Zhè kuǎn qīngjiéjì nénggòu yǒuxiào chúgòu.

Eng: This cleaner can effectively remove dirt.

相关成语 (Related Idioms)

相关成语信息待补充。Related idiom information pending.

多语言翻译 (核心释义) (Translations (Core Meaning))

  • French: saleté, crasse
  • German: Schmutz, Dreck
  • Spanish: suciedad, mugre
  • Italian: sporcizia, sudiciume
  • Portuguese: sujeira, imundície
  • Russian: грязь, нечистоты
  • Arabic: أوساخ، قذارة
  • Persian: کثیفی، آلودگی
  • Dutch: vuil, smerigheid
  • Polish: brud, nieczystość
  • Vietnamese: bụi bẩn, dơ bẩn
  • Ukrainian: бруд, нечистота

视频学习资源 (Video Learning Resources)

通过以下链接在热门视频网站搜索 "垢" 的更多讲解：

Search for more explanations of "垢" on popular video sites:

网络参考 (Web References for "垢") ()

网络内容摘要 (Web Content Summary):

```html

垢的核心含义是指“脏东西”或“污泥”，最早指水沟中的污泥，后来泛指附着在物体上的脏物。 Gòu mainly means "dirt" or "filth". Originally, it referred to the sludge in ditches and later extended to anything dirty attached to objects.

字形来源于“土”（表示泥土或污物）和“勾”（作为“沟”的省略，指排污通道）。古代甚至有用污泥抹脸羞辱他人的习俗。 The character is formed from "土" (earth, mud) and a simplified form of "勾" ("沟", ditch), highlighting its association with channels and sludge. In ancient times, covering someone’s face with sludge was a way to shame them.

  • 常见词语：如尘垢（dust and dirt）、污垢（filth）、油垢（grease）、耳垢（earwax）、牙垢（dental plaque）、积垢（accumulated dirt）。 Common words: 尘垢 (dust), 污垢 (filth), 油垢 (grease), 耳垢 (earwax), 牙垢 (dental plaque), 积垢 (accumulation of dirt).

  • 成语：如藏垢纳污（藏匿污秽，比喻包容坏人坏事）。 Idioms: 藏垢纳污 (to harbor filth; metaphor for sheltering evil or wrongdoing).

  • 易混淆：“垢”与“沟”容易混淆。“沟”指排水沟，而“垢”指脏污、污泥。 Easily confused: "垢" (dirt/filth) vs. "沟" (ditch); "沟" is a channel for drainage, while "垢" refers to the filth itself.

该字常用于形容物理上的污渍，也可引申为耻辱、不光彩的事情。 The character is used both for physical dirt and, figuratively, for shame or disgrace.

文化趣闻：古文记载，用污泥羞辱人，显示此字有深厚文化背景。 Cultural note: Ancient records show that using sludge to shame others reflects the character's deep-rooted cultural context.

```

汉字"垢"的起源、演变过程-汉字字源辞典

勾 ，既是声旁也是形旁，是 " 沟 "的省略，表示排污通道。 垢 ，籀文 （土，污泥） （勾，即"沟"的省略，排污通道），表示水沟里的污泥。 古人用污泥抹对方的脸以示羞辱。篆文异体字"垢" 误将籀文字形中的"勾" 写成读音相近的"后" 。 造字本义：名词，水沟里的又脏又臭的污泥 。

【垢】的甲骨文金文篆文字形演变含义 - 甲骨文研究网 甲骨文密码字典 在线甲骨文字典研究 - 甲骨文研究网 甲骨文密码字典 在线甲骨文字典研究 认路

亦不敢服垢弊以矫俗干名，但顺吾性而已。-----宋 . 司马光《训俭示康》 ②名词：附着的脏物。 垢泥 垢腻 / 尘垢 泥垢 油垢 污垢 耳垢 牙垢 积垢 藏垢纳污 茫然彷徨乎尘垢之外。-----《庄子 . 大宗师》 不吹毛而求小疵，不洗垢而察难知。

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