难

Pinyin: nán | Core Meaning: difficult, hard, not easy, obstacle present

基本信息 (Basic Information)

含义与用法 (Meanings & Usage)

中文核心释义 (Core Chinese Meaning): 困难，不容易，做起来有障碍。

英文核心释义 (Core English Meaning): difficult, hard, not easy, obstacle present

“难”可用作形容词，例如“难题”、“难受”，表示难以完成或体验不舒适。还可用作动词，如“难为”，表示为难、使感到困难。常用于描述事情的复杂或难以解决的情况。 ‘难’ is mainly used as an adjective to mean 'difficult' or 'hard,' such as in '难题' (difficult problem) or '难受' (uncomfortable). It can also be used as a verb, like in '难为' (to make things difficult). It is commonly used to describe challenging or hard-to-solve situations.

象形意义 / 为何这么写 (Pictographic Meaning / Writing Rationale)

“难”由“又”(手)和“隹”(鸟)组成，表达抓鸟很难，因此引申为‘困难’、‘难以’之意。'难' is made up of '又' (hand) and '隹' (bird), expressing the difficulty of catching a bird by hand, which extended the meaning to 'difficult' or 'hard.'

文言文释义 (Classical Chinese Meaning)

与现代意义相近，表示‘困难’、‘难以’。Similar to modern meaning—indicating 'difficult' or 'not easy'.

深入学习 (In-depth Study)

字源故事 (Origin Story)

“难”最早的字形见于甲骨文，其由“又”(手)和“隹”(短尾鸟)组成，表示用手捕捉小鸟“隹”非常困难，因此表示‘不容易’、‘困难’之意。The earliest form of '难' can be seen in Oracle Bone Script, which combines '又' (hand) and '隹' (a short-tailed bird). It depicts a hand trying to catch a little bird, illustrating that catching such a bird is very difficult, hence the meaning of 'difficult' or 'not easy.'

字形演变 (Character Evolution)

甲骨文 (Oracle Bone Script):
甲骨文中，“难”的字形由“又”（象征手）和“隹”（表示小鸟）组成，描绘手捉小鸟的场景，表达抓鸟不易之意。 In Oracle Bone Script, '难' is composed of '又' (representing a hand) and '隹' (a small bird), illustrating the scene of a hand catching a bird, signifying how difficult this is.
金文 (Bronze Inscription):
金文的写法与甲骨文相近，结构更规范，仍可见“又”与“隹”组合，形体略微圆润。 The Bronze Inscription form is similar to Oracle Bone Script but more regularized, still showing the combination of 'hand' and 'bird,' with slightly rounder shapes.
小篆 (Small Seal Script):
小篆将“又”和“隹”更加合并抽象，线条修长、流畅，结构趋于统一。 In Small Seal Script, 'hand' and 'bird' elements are merged and more abstract, with elongated, smooth lines making the structure more unified.
隶书 (Clerical Script):
隶书中，“难”字的结构变得更扁平，笔画分明，易于书写，但仍能辨认出“又”和“隹”的成分。 In Clerical Script, the structure of '难' becomes flatter and the strokes are clear and easier to write, though the 'hand' and 'bird' elements remain visible.
楷书 (现代) (Regular Script (Modern)):
现代楷书中，“难”字形规范美观，笔画整齐，整体结构分明，已成为今天通用的写法。 In modern Regular Script, the form of '难' is standardized and neat, with clear, organized strokes, and this is the version commonly used today.

常用词语和例句 (Common Words & Examples)

难题 (difficult problem, tough question)

nántí

这个数学难题很难解答。

Pinyin: Zhège shùxué nántí hěn nán jiědá.

Eng: This math problem is very hard to solve.

难受 (uncomfortable, feel bad)

nánshòu

感冒时我觉得很难受。

Pinyin: Gǎnmào shí wǒ juéde hěn nánshòu.

Eng: I feel very uncomfortable when I have a cold.

难过 (sad, feel sorry)

nánguò

听到这个消息我很难过。

Pinyin: Tīngdào zhège xiāoxi wǒ hěn nánguò.

Eng: I felt very sad when I heard the news.

相关成语 (Related Idioms)

难能可贵 nán néng kě guì

Meaning: truly commendable; especially worthy of praise for being difficult

“难能可贵”原意是指做难做的事情很值得称赞。传说古时有一个人，面对艰险仍然坚持信义，因此被视为‘难能可贵’之人。 '难能可贵' originally means something difficult to achieve is worthy of high praise. In ancient China, it was said that a man who kept his word even in danger was considered 'truly commendable.'

多语言翻译 (核心释义) (Translations (Core Meaning))

  • French: difficile
  • German: schwierig
  • Spanish: difícil
  • Italian: difficile
  • Portuguese: difícil
  • Russian: трудный
  • Arabic: صعب
  • Persian: سخت
  • Dutch: moeilijk
  • Polish: trudny
  • Vietnamese: khó
  • Ukrainian: складний

视频学习资源 (Video Learning Resources)

通过以下链接在热门视频网站搜索 "难" 的更多讲解：

Search for more explanations of "难" on popular video sites:

网络参考 (Web References for "难") ()

网络内容摘要 (Web Content Summary):

```html

难 是一个表示“不容易、困难”的汉字。 难 means "difficult" or "hard" in Chinese.

该字最初的写法在战国时期经历了多次演变，最早的字形与“堇”有关，后来演变过程中字形有所变化，隶书与楷书逐渐确定现在的写法。“难”属于六书中的形声字。 The character originally evolved during the Warring States period from forms related to “堇”. Over time, its shape changed, and the current form was finalized in clerical and regular script. “难” is a phono-semantic compound character (形声字).

常见的相关词语包括：

  • 难易 (difficulty and ease)
  • 难题 (difficult problem)
  • 困难 (difficulty, hardship)
  • 难关 (obstacle, difficult pass)
  • 难倒 (to stump)
  • 难住 (to be stumped)
  • 难度 (degree of difficulty)
  • 难以 (hard to...)
Common words include:
  • 难易 (difficulty and ease)
  • 难题 (difficult problem)
  • 困难 (difficulty, hardship)
  • 难关 (obstacle, challenge)
  • 难倒 (to stump)
  • 难住 (to be stumped)
  • 难度 (degree of difficulty)
  • 难以 (hard to...)

易混淆点： “难”与“南”字形相似，注意区分。“难”在某些成语如“难上加难”（更加困难）、“难色”（为难的表情）中有特别用法。 Note: “难” is visually similar to “南” (south), so be careful not to confuse them. It is also used in idioms such as “难上加难”（to make things even more difficult） and “难色” (an expression of distress).

规范写法： 现代简化字作“难”。 Standard writing: The simplified form used today is “难”.

```

难字形演变字源_汉字「难」_难的甲骨文_难的金文_金文编_甲骨文编

或體承自戰國文字第三例。籀文從「堇」而略有變易，已失原形。隸書二例承自戰國文字第二例，前例左體下端變易作「大」；後例變易作「八」，已失其原形。楷書承自隸書第一例而定體。在六書中屬於形聲。規範字作难。 汉字：「难」 字形演变 字源演变

【难，難，堇，傩】的甲骨文金文篆文字形演变含义 - 甲骨文研究网 甲骨文密码字典 在线甲骨文字典研究 - 甲骨文研究网 甲骨文密码字典 在线 ...

日期：2023-03-19 来源 ... 难易 难倒 难住 难以 难于 难点 难度 难关 难色 难句 难字 难事 难题 难上难 难上加难 / 艰难 困难 不难 很难 太难 ... 汉字甲骨文破译字典》一书中，破解的古诗、竹简等古文作品收录在《新编甲骨文破译案例解析 ...

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