丑

Pinyin: chǒu | Core Meaning: ugly; second of the Twelve Earthly Branches (used in timekeeping, direction, etc.); the 'Chou' hour (1–3 a.m.) in the traditional Chinese clock.

基本信息 (Basic Information)

含义与用法 (Meanings & Usage)

中文核心释义 (Core Chinese Meaning): 丑，丑陋、难看；地支的第二位（用作时间或方位）；阴历计时中的“丑时”（01:00-03:00）。

英文核心释义 (Core English Meaning): ugly; second of the Twelve Earthly Branches (used in timekeeping, direction, etc.); the 'Chou' hour (1–3 a.m.) in the traditional Chinese clock.

现代汉语中，“丑”主要表示外表或事物难看的意思，也可用于比喻行为、品德不好。另一方面，“丑”常出现在农历地支、属相（如“丑牛”）及时间表达（如“丑时”）。 '丑' is mainly used to mean 'ugly' for people's appearance or things, and also metaphorically for bad behavior or character. In addition, it often appears in Chinese zodiac (as the Ox), Earthly Branches (the second one), and time expressions (e.g., 'Chou hour').

象形意义 / 为何这么写 (Pictographic Meaning / Writing Rationale)

“丑”最初象形手握绳结或某种实物，表现为扭曲、缠绕的形态，后来引申为不顺眼、不美观，使“丑”有了“难看”的意思。'丑' was originally pictographic, showing a hand gripping a knot or an object, indicating a twisted or entangled form. This physical distortion later extended meaning to 'ugly' or 'unattractive'.

文言文释义 (Classical Chinese Meaning)

文言文中“丑”主要指地支的第二位，或表示不美观、羞耻，与现代意义相近。In Classical Chinese, '丑' mainly referred to the second Earthly Branch, or to something unattractive or shameful. Similar to modern meaning.

深入学习 (In-depth Study)

字源故事 (Origin Story)

“丑”字最早见于甲骨文，其形状像一个手握物体或挽结的形象，代表某种缠绕。在古代，作为地支时原本代表冬季的一段，人们通过字形表达束缚、蜷曲之意，引申为“不美观”，后来泛指“难看”。The character '丑' first appeared in oracle bone script. Its shape resembles a hand gripping an object or a twisted knot, representing something entangled or twisted. In ancient times, as an Earthly Branch, it originally symbolized a period in winter. The character graphically reflected a sense of constraint or curling, which later extended to mean 'unattractive' or 'ugly'.

字形演变 (Character Evolution)

甲骨文 (Oracle Bone Script):
甲骨文中的“丑”字形似一只手握着工具或绳结，象征缠绕或扭曲的状态。 In Oracle Bone Script, '丑' looked like a hand holding a tool or knot, symbolizing entanglement or a twisted form.
金文 (Bronze Inscription):
金文中，“丑”的形态更为线条化，但仍保留手具缠结的意象。 In Bronze Inscription, the structure became more linear but still retained the image of a hand and knot.
小篆 (Small Seal Script):
小篆时期，“丑”进一步简化为上下结构，一些区域变为弯曲的线条。 In Small Seal Script, '丑' was further simplified into an up-down structure, with some curling lines.
隶书 (Clerical Script):
隶书阶段，“丑”逐渐接近现代字形，笔画变宽，结构更规整。 In Clerical Script, '丑' came closer to the modern character, with broader strokes and more regular structure.
楷书 (现代) (Regular Script (Modern)):
现代楷书中，“丑”结构分明，包含一条横、交叉竖折和收尾勾。 In modern Regular Script, '丑' is clearly structured, with a horizontal line, intersecting verticals, bends, and a finishing hook.

常用词语和例句 (Common Words & Examples)

丑陋 (ugly; hideous)

chǒu lòu

这只青蛙的外表很丑陋。

Pinyin: Zhè zhī qīngwā de wàibiǎo hěn chǒulòu.

Eng: This frog's appearance is very ugly.

丑闻 (scandal)

chǒu wén

他因为丑闻被迫辞职。

Pinyin: Tā yīnwèi chǒuwén bèi pò cízhí.

Eng: He was forced to resign because of the scandal.

丑八怪 (ugly person; freak)

chǒu bā guài

大家不要取笑丑八怪。

Pinyin: Dàjiā búyào qǔxiào chǒubāguài.

Eng: No one should make fun of someone just because they're ugly.

相关成语 (Related Idioms)

自惭形秽 zì cán xíng huì

Meaning: to feel ashamed of one's appearance or inferiority

相传南朝刘义庆的《世说新语》中，陆续因相貌丑陋，见到美丽的谢道韫，自觉形体不如，心生愧意，因此有了“自惭形秽”的说法。 According to Liu Yiqing's 'A New Account of the Tales of the World' from the Southern Dynasties, Lu Xu, who was ugly, felt inferior and ashamed about his appearance when he saw the beautiful Xie Daoyun. Thus, the saying '自惭形秽' (“to be ashamed of one's ungainly looks”) came about.

多语言翻译 (核心释义) (Translations (Core Meaning))

  • French: laid; deuxième branche terrestre chinoise
  • German: hässlich; zweiter Erdzweig (chinesischer Kalender)
  • Spanish: feo; segunda Rama Terrestre
  • Italian: brutto; secondo ramo terrestre
  • Portuguese: feio; segundo ramo terrestre
  • Russian: уродливый; второй из земных ветвей
  • Arabic: قبيح؛ ثاني الفروع الأرضية
  • Persian: زشت؛ شاخه زمینی دوم
  • Dutch: lelijk; tweede aardtak
  • Polish: brzydki; druga gałąź ziemska
  • Vietnamese: xấu xí; Chi thứ hai trong Địa Chi
  • Ukrainian: потворний; друга земна гілка

视频学习资源 (Video Learning Resources)

通过以下链接在热门视频网站搜索 "丑" 的更多讲解：

Search for more explanations of "丑" on popular video sites:

网络参考 (Web References for "丑") ()

网络内容摘要 (Web Content Summary):

丑的核心含义最早与“手”的动作有关。该字的甲骨文形状表现为几根手指指端加符号，表现手指的“拧”“扭”“搓”等动作。从象形来看，“丑”原表示用手指拧转的动作。 The core meaning of "丑" (chǒu) originally relates to the action of the "hand". Its oracle bone script shows fingertips with marks, representing twisting or rotating motions done by fingers. As a pictograph, "丑" depicted the action of twisting or wringing with the hand.

在现代汉语中，“丑”常用作形容词，意为“难看、不美丽”，是“美”的反义词。 In modern Chinese, "丑" is commonly used as an adjective meaning "ugly" or "not beautiful", and is the opposite of "美" (beautiful).

  • 特别用法： “丑”在地支中也有专用含义，是十二地支中的第二位（如“丑时”指凌晨1-3点）。 Special usage: In the traditional Chinese zodiac system, "丑" is also the second of the 12 Earthly Branches (e.g., "丑时" refers to the time between 1am–3am).
  • 易混淆点： “丑”和“扭（to twist）”等词源相近，但在现代语境中“丑”多指外貌，不要混淆。 Common confusion: "丑" shares roots with words like "扭" (to twist), but nowadays "丑" mainly refers to appearance. Do not confuse the two.
  • 常用词/成语： “丑陋”（ugly）、“出丑”（make a fool of oneself）、“自惭形秽”（ashamed of one's appearance）。 Common words/phrases: 丑陋 (chǒulòu, ugly), 出丑 (chūchǒu, to make a fool of oneself), 自惭形秽 (zìcánxínghuì, to be ashamed of one's appearance).

总结： “丑”起源于手部动作，后引申为不美观的含义，还有专门的时间、地支用法，注意与其他手部动作相关字的区分。 Summary: "丑" originated from a hand action, later became associated with ugliness, and also refers to a time/branch in traditional systems. Be aware of its different usages and do not confuse it with similar characters related to hand actions.

汉字"丑"的起源、演变过程-汉字字源辞典

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【丑，醜】的甲骨文金文篆文字形演变含义 - 甲骨文研究网 甲骨文密码字典 在线甲骨文字典研究 - 甲骨文研究网 甲骨文密码字典 在线甲骨文字典 ...

看图可知"丑"的甲骨文原本含义必定与"手"或手的动作衍生义有关。 【其他解读】 本 字 "丑" "丑"是"扭"的本字。丑，甲骨文在"又"（抓）的三（以三代五）根手指指端，各加一短横指事符号，表示与手指动作有关。造字本义：用手指拧、扭、搓、转。

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