干

Pinyin: gān / gàn | Core Meaning: Main meanings: (as a noun) 'shield' or 'trunk/torso'; (as a verb) 'to do', 'to work', 'to engage in'; also 'dry' (adjective).

基本信息 (Basic Information)

含义与用法 (Meanings & Usage)

中文核心释义 (Core Chinese Meaning): 干，主要意思有两种：作名词时指“盾牌”或“躯干”；作动词时意为“做、从事”，在现代汉语口语中常用于表示“做（某事）”。另有“干燥”的意思。

英文核心释义 (Core English Meaning): Main meanings: (as a noun) 'shield' or 'trunk/torso'; (as a verb) 'to do', 'to work', 'to engage in'; also 'dry' (adjective).

现代汉语中“干”常用作动词，意为“做、从事”，如“你在干什么？”在北方口语中尤为常见。它还可做形容词，表示“干燥”，如“干衣服”。注意“干（gàn）”和“干（gān）”的读音有区别，意思也随之变化（“做”时读gàn，“干燥”时读gān）。 In modern Chinese, '干' is often used as a verb meaning 'to do' or 'to work on,' especially in northern colloquial speech (e.g., ‘What are you doing?’). When used as an adjective, it means 'dry' (e.g., 'dry clothes'). Note that the pronunciation and meaning differ between 'gàn' ('to do') and 'gān' ('dry').

象形意义 / 为何这么写 (Pictographic Meaning / Writing Rationale)

“干”最初为象形字，画的是古代盾牌，用于防御。正中一竖表示盾柄，两横表示盾身，整体像持盾之状。后由盾牌义引申出“骨干”“主要部分”及“做事”等含义。'干' was originally a pictograph representing an ancient shield used for defense. The central vertical stroke depicts the handle, while the horizontal strokes represent the shield's surface. From the original meaning of 'shield,' it extended to mean 'main part' and eventually 'to do (action)'.

文言文释义 (Classical Chinese Meaning)

文言文中，“干”常作名词指盾牌，也可指躯干、事物核心部分。作动词意为冲犯、遭遇或从事。部分用法与现代汉语相近。In Classical Chinese, '干' often means 'shield,' 'trunk,' or 'main part' as a noun, and as a verb, it means 'to offend,' 'to encounter,' or 'to engage in.' Some usages are similar to those in modern Chinese.

深入学习 (In-depth Study)

字源故事 (Origin Story)

“干”字最早见于甲骨文。甲骨文中的“干”字像一面古代盾牌，代表防御。后来引申为“躯干”，再发展出“做事”的意思。随着汉字演变，还出现了“干燥”（无水）的含义。The character '干' first appeared in oracle bone script, where its shape resembled an ancient shield, symbolizing defense. Later, the meaning was extended to represent the 'trunk' or 'torso' of the body, and then further developed into the meaning of 'to do (work)'. As the character evolved, the meaning of 'dry' (without moisture) was also added.

字形演变 (Character Evolution)

甲骨文 (Oracle Bone Script):
甲骨文中的“干”字像一面盾牌，有横竖交错的线条，象征防御工具。 In oracle bone script, '干' resembles a shield with intersecting horizontal and vertical lines, representing a defensive tool.
金文 (Bronze Inscription):
金文时期“干”字结构更规则，形似带横杠的盾牌，中竖较为突出。 In bronze inscriptions, the character became more regularized, still resembling a shield with a prominent central vertical line.
小篆 (Small Seal Script):
小篆中“干”字变为修长形态，一条竖线中穿过两横，线条流畅。 In small seal script, '干' becomes elongated with a vertical line piercing through two horizontal lines, with smooth strokes.
隶书 (Clerical Script):
隶书时期“干”字笔画变得平直，结构方整，上下分明。 In clerical script, the strokes became straighter, with a regular square structure and clear separation of top and bottom.
楷书 (现代) (Regular Script (Modern)):
现代楷书中“干”为一竖穿两横，简单明了，结构紧凑。 In modern regular script, '干' is depicted as a vertical line crossing two horizontal lines, simple and compact.

常用词语和例句 (Common Words & Examples)

干什么 (to do what; what are (you) doing)

gàn shénme

你在干什么？

Pinyin: Nǐ zài gàn shénme?

Eng: What are you doing?

干净 (clean)

gān jìng

房间打扫得很干净。

Pinyin: Fángjiān dǎsǎo de hěn gānjìng.

Eng: The room has been cleaned very well.

干燥 (dry (adjective))

gān zào

秋天的空气很干燥。

Pinyin: Qiūtiān de kōngqì hěn gānzào.

Eng: The air is very dry in autumn.

相关成语 (Related Idioms)

雷厉风行，快刀斩乱麻，干净利落 gānjìng lìluò

Meaning: neat and efficient; clean and decisive

“干净利落”形容做事果断迅速，没有拖泥带水。常用于褒义，夸奖人处事方式直接有效。 '干净利落' describes doing things decisively and efficiently, without procrastination. It's often used to praise someone for their straightforward and effective style.

多语言翻译 (核心释义) (Translations (Core Meaning))

  • French: faire; sec; torse
  • German: tun; trocken; Rumpf
  • Spanish: hacer; seco; tronco
  • Italian: fare; secco; tronco
  • Portuguese: fazer; seco; tronco
  • Russian: делать; сухой; туловище
  • Arabic: يفعل؛ جاف؛ جذع
  • Persian: انجام دادن؛ خشک؛ تنه
  • Dutch: doen; droog; romp
  • Polish: robić; suchy; tułów
  • Vietnamese: làm; khô; thân cây/thân người
  • Ukrainian: робити; сухий; тулуб

视频学习资源 (Video Learning Resources)

通过以下链接在热门视频网站搜索 "干" 的更多讲解：

Search for more explanations of "干" on popular video sites:

网络参考 (Web References for "干") ()

网络内容摘要 (Web Content Summary):

```html

干（拼音：gān, gàn）是常用汉字，具有多种含义和用法。 干 (pinyin: gān, gàn) is a commonly used Chinese character with multiple meanings and usages.

  • 核心含义及起源： “干”字最初见于商代甲骨文，古文字形像分叉的木棒，本义为抵御兵器（如戈）用的工具。也是“幹”（gàn）的简化字，意指事物的主体部分。 Core meaning & origin: The earliest form of "干" appeared in oracle bone script in the Shang dynasty. The character originally depicted a forked wooden stick, and its basic meaning was a tool for warding off weapons. It is also the simplified form of "幹" (gàn), meaning the main part or core of something.
  • 易混淆点及用法： “干”有两个常用发音：gān（如干燥、干扰）与gàn（如干活、干涉），需根据语境区分。作为“乾”（gān）的简化字时，也表示“干燥”等含义。 Confusions & usage notes: "干" has two pronunciations: gān (as in "gānzào" - dry, "gānrǎo" - disturb) and gàn (as in "gànhuó" - work/do, "gànshè" - interfere). The correct pronunciation and meaning depend on the context. As the simplified form of "乾" (gān), it can also mean "dry."
  • 常见词语： 干活（gàn huó, to work/do chores），干扰（gān rǎo, interference），干净（gān jìng, clean），干杯（gān bēi, cheers/toast）。 Common words: 干活 (gàn huó, to work), 干扰 (gān rǎo, interference), 干净 (gān jìng, clean), 干杯 (gān bēi, cheers).

提示：由于“干”作为“幹”、“乾”的简化字，语义复杂，需结合上下文辨析。 Tip: As "干" is a simplified form of both "幹" and "乾", its meaning varies with context; pay close attention to usage.

```

汉字"干"的起源、演变过程-汉字字源辞典

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干（汉语汉字）_百度百科

干（读音：gān、gàn）为现代汉语通用规范一级字（常用字）"干"（gān）字始见于商代甲骨文，古文字形像有丫杈的木棒形，本义是一种抵御戈的武器。干又为"幹"（gàn）的简化字，是由"榦"演变而来。最早见于战国文字。其本义为事物的主体部分。而干还为"乾"之gān音部分字义的简化字 ...

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