学习汉字 "命" (mìng) - Learn Chinese Character "命"

基本信息 (Basic Information)

含义与用法 (Meanings & Usage)

中文核心释义 (Core Chinese Meaning): 生命，命令；天注定的生命和遭遇。

英文核心释义 (Core English Meaning): life, fate; order or command; one's destiny or life as determined by fate.

“命”在现代汉语中常用来指生命（如“生命”），或表示命运、天命（如“宿命”、“命运”），以及用作“命令”的意思（如“下命”）。可以作名词，如“人的命很宝贵”；也可以作动词，如“命令他做事”。 In modern Chinese, '命' is commonly used to refer to 'life' (as in 'shēngmìng' -生命), or 'fate' (as in 'mìngyùn' -命运, 'sùmìng' -宿命), and also as 'order/command' (as in 'to issue an order'). It functions as both a noun and a verb depending on context.

象形意义 / 为何这么写 (Pictographic Meaning / Writing Rationale)

“命”是会意字，上部为“令”，意为命令，下部为“口”，表示用口发出命令。由此引申为受命于天、有生命、命运等意义。'命' is an ideogrammic compound. The upper part is '令' (to command/order), and the lower part is '口' (mouth), indicating issuing orders verbally. Thus, its meanings extend to being commanded by Heaven, having life, and fate.

文言文释义 (Classical Chinese Meaning)

文言文中“命”常指天命、命令、生命等，意义与现代用法基本相近。In Classical Chinese, '命' often referred to the Mandate of Heaven, order/command, or life itself; similar to modern meaning.

深入学习 (In-depth Study)

字源故事 (Origin Story)

“命”字最早见于甲骨文，由“口”与“令”组成。“口”表示口头，言语之意，“令”代表下令、指示，即通过口头给予指令，引申为“命令”。后又引申表示“上天所授予的生命”，即“天命”、“命运”。The character '命' first appeared in oracle bone script, composed of '口' (mouth, indicating speech or verbal) and '令' (to order, command). This implies giving an order verbally. Later, the meaning broadened to represent 'life given by heaven', i.e. fate or destiny ('Mandate of Heaven').

字形演变 (Character Evolution)

甲骨文 (Oracle Bone Script):

甲骨文中的“命”由“口”和“令”组成，结构简单，形象地表现了口中发号施令的意思。 In Oracle Bone Script, '命' is composed of the 'mouth' radical and the 'command' component, visually depicting the act of issuing orders orally.

金文 (Bronze Inscription):

金文中“命”字形较甲骨文更为圆润，‘口’和‘令’的结构更分明，仍能看出发出指令的含义。 In Bronze Inscriptions, the form becomes more rounded compared to oracle script. The 'mouth' and 'command' parts are clearer, still conveying the meaning of giving orders.

小篆 (Small Seal Script):

小篆的“命”结构变得更加规范和对称，“口”与“令”上下结构清晰，笔画流畅。 In Small Seal Script, '命' becomes standardized and symmetrical, with clear vertical arrangement of 'mouth' and 'command', and smoother strokes.

隶书 (Clerical Script):

隶书中的“命”横平竖直，线条更加简练，笔画分明，更接近现代汉字形态。 '命' in Clerical Script features flat horizontal and vertical lines, more concise and distinct strokes, closely resembling its modern form.

楷书 (现代) (Regular Script (Modern)):

现代楷书中的“命”已基本定型，“口”在下，“令”在上，结构稳定，书写规范。 In modern Regular Script, the form of '命' is fixed: 'mouth' at the bottom and 'command' at the top, presenting a stable and standardized structure.

常用词语和例句 (Common Words & Examples)

生命 (life)

shēngmìng

生命是世界上最宝贵的东西。

Pinyin: Shēngmìng shì shìjiè shàng zuì bǎoguì de dōngxi.

Eng: Life is the most precious thing in the world.

命运 (fate; destiny)

mìngyùn

他相信人的命运是可以改变的。

Pinyin: Tā xiāngxìn rén de mìngyùn shì kěyǐ gǎibiàn de.

Eng: He believes that a person's fate can be changed.

命令 (order; command)

mìnglìng

他按照长官的命令行事。

Pinyin: Tā ànzhào zhǎngguān de mìnglìng xíngshì.

Eng: He acted according to the commander's orders.

多语言翻译 (核心释义) (Translations (Core Meaning))

French: vie; destin; ordre
German: Leben; Schicksal; Befehl
Spanish: vida; destino; orden
Italian: vita; destino; ordine
Portuguese: vida; destino; ordem
Russian: жизнь; судьба; приказ
Arabic: حياة؛ مصير؛ أمر
Persian: زندگی؛ سرنوشت؛ دستور
Dutch: leven; lot; bevel
Polish: życie; los; rozkaz
Vietnamese: sự sống; số phận; mệnh lệnh
Ukrainian: життя; доля; наказ

视频学习资源 (Video Learning Resources)

通过以下链接在热门视频网站搜索 "命" 的更多讲解：

Search for more explanations of "命" on popular video sites:

在 Bilibili.com 搜索 "命字源说文解字" (Search on Bilibili)
在 YouTube.com 搜索 "命 character origin etymology" (Search on YouTube)

网络参考 (Web References for "命") ()

网络内容摘要 (Web Content Summary):

```html

命（拼音：mìng）是汉语常用字，最早的字形出现于西周的金文。其核心含义包括“生命”、“命令”或“天命”，也常指人的命运。命 (pinyin: mìng) is a commonly used Chinese character that first appeared in inscriptions on bronze (Jinwen) during the Western Zhou dynasty. Its core meanings include “life,” “command/order,” “fate,” or “destiny.”

命字的象形起源与“令”密切相关。最早时期，甲骨文中的“命”和“令”为同一字，原义有“发布命令”之意。后来“令”加上“口”（表示声音或发布），逐渐分化出“命”这个字。 The character's pictographic origin is closely linked with “令” (lìng, to order). In Oracle Bone Script, “命” and “令” were once the same character, both signifying “to give an order.” Later, “命” evolved by adding the “口” (mouth) component, relating to speech or issuing commands.

在中国传统文化中，“命”常用来表示“命运”，如民间的“算命”（fortune-telling），体现出“天命”或“人的命运不可预知”的观念。 In traditional Chinese culture, “命” often refers to “fate” or “destiny,” as seen in concepts like “算命” (fortune-telling), underlining the belief that a person's destiny is mysterious or predetermined.

常见词语：命令（order/command）、生命（life）、命运（fate/destiny）、算命（fortune-telling）。 Common words: 命令 (order), 生命 (life), 命运 (fate), 算命 (fortune-telling).
易混淆点：“命”和“令”在古代为同一字，现今已分化含义。 Easily confused: “命” and “令” were once the same character in ancient times, but their meanings have since diverged.

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「命」字的由来是什麼？怎么理解这个字？ - 知乎

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